听美文故事记6级单词05-06

（单词翻译）

6.King Maosolos

"I have lying, over me in Halicarnassus, a gigantic monument such as no other dead person has,adorned in the finest way with statues of horses and men carved most realistically from the best quality marble.King Maussollos in Lucian[2] 's "Dialogues of the Dead"

Location In the city of Bodrum (Halicarnassus) on the Aegean Sea, in south-west Turkey.

History When the Persians expanded their ancient kingdom to include Mesopotamia, Northern India, Syria, Egypt, and Asia Minor¹,the king could not control his vast empire without the help of local governors or rulers-- the Satraps.Like many other provinces, the kingdom of Caria in the western part of Asia Minor (Turkey) was so far from the Persian capital that it was practically autonomous².From 377 to 353 BC, king Mausollos of Caria reigned³ and moved his capital to Halicarnassus.

Nothing is exciting about Maussollos life except the construction of his tomb.The project was conceived by his wife Artemisia, and the construction might have started during the king's lifetime.The Mausoleum was completed around 350 BC, three years after Maussollos's death, and one year after Artemisia's.

For 16 centuries, the Mausoleum remained in good condition until an earthquake caused some damage to the roof and colonnade⁴.In the early fifteenth century, the Knights⁵ of St John of Malta invaded the region and built a massive crusader castle.When they decided⁶ to fortify⁷ it in 1494, they used the stones of the Mausoleum.By 1522, almost every block of the Mausoleum had been disassembled and used for construction.

Today, the massive castle still stands in Bodrum,and the polished stone and marble blocks of the Mausoleum can be spotted⁸ within the walls of the structure.Some of the sculptures survived and are today on display at the British Museum in London.These include fragment of statues and many slabs⁹ of the frieze¹⁰ showing the battle between the Greeks and the Amazons. At the site of the Mausoleum itself, only the foundation remains¹¹ of the once magnificent Wonder.

注释：

1．Maussollos：摩索拉斯，加里亚王国国王。加里亚王国位于小亚细亚西南部，都城是哈里卡纳苏斯。摩索拉斯于公元前353年死去，其妻接过政权，为了纪念他，就按照丈夫生前拟就的陵墓图样，修建摩索拉斯陵墓。陵墓总体似神殿，上部为金字塔形，顶上有大理石雕塑，由建筑师彼提阿斯设计建成。由于这座陵墓被西方传诵为古代陵墓的奇迹，故现在西语中的“陵墓”一词，也以Mausoleum为词源了。

2．Lucian：卢西安（？120~？180）希腊作家、修辞学家。曾游历希腊、意大利与高卢等地，闻名于罗马文坛。后定居雅典。主要著作有《神的对话》与《冥间的对话》等，对当时盛行的迷信和宗教狂热以及某些人生前的虚荣作了讽刺和揭露。