新视野大学英语读写教程词汇 第二册 Unit 1b

（单词翻译）

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<TITLE>New Words</TITLE>
|@|<1>spite |n. |(in ~ of) despite; regardless of |虽然；尽管
|| | |They went out in spite of the rain. |尽管下雨，他们还是外出了。
|| | |In spite of all of his efforts he failed. |尽管他作了种种努力，但还是失败了。
||<2>clash  |vi. |1. disagree about sth. |不一致；冲突
|| | |The couple clashed on the question of where to spend their holidays.  |夫妻俩对上哪儿去度假意见不一致。
|| | |Richard clashed frequently with Goldsmith. |理查德和戈德史密斯经常意见相左。
|| | |2. come to a fight |冲突
|| | |They clashed with the police in the street. |他们在街上和警察发生了冲突。
|| | |The two armies clashed near the boundary this morning. |今晨两支军队在边境附近发生了交火。
|| |n. |1. [C] an argument |不一致；争论
|| | |There is a clash between the two party leaders. |两党的领导人之间发生了争执。
|| | |There is a clash of interests in this project. |这个项目中存在着利益上的冲突。
|| | |2. [C] a short fight |冲突
|| | |The demonstration¹ ended in a violent clash with the police. |示威游行最后以与警察发生激烈冲突结束。
|| | |There were violent clashes downtown. |在市中心发生了暴力冲突。
|@|<3>tradition  |n. |[C, U] beliefs or customs passed down from one generation to the next |传统
|| | |By tradition, people play jokes on April 1. |根据传统习俗，人们在四月一日相互捉弄和开玩笑。
|| | |It's a tradition to sing "Jingle² Bells" on Christmas. |圣诞节唱“铃儿响叮当”是一种传统。
||<4>　<em>adjustment</em> |n. |[C, U] the act of adjusting |调整
|| | |I made a few very minor³ adjustments to the decoration, which in general it had been excellent. |我对装饰做了几处小修改, 但总体来说装饰棒极了。
|| | |The room was full of dancers, all making last-minute adjustments to their costumes. |满屋子是舞蹈演员，都在对演出服做最后的调整。
||<5>honeymoon⁴ |n. |[C] a holiday taken by a couple who have just got married; (fig.) a period of good feeling or good relations |蜜月期；（喻）短暂的和谐期
|| | |I haven't had a holiday for ten years, not since our honeymoon. |自蜜月以后，整整10年我都没有休过假。
|| | |As he tries to deal with the problems, he may find that his political honeymoon is over. |当他设法处理那些问题时，他会发现自己的政治蜜月期已经结束。
||<6>marvelous |a. |(BrE marvellous) extremely good; wonderful |非常好的；绝妙的
|| | |It's marvelous how he's managed to climb that far. |他竟然能爬那么远，真是不可思议。
|| | |The performance is simply marvelous. |演出精彩极了！
|@|<7>amusement |n. |1. [U] the feeling of being amused |愉快，快乐
|| | |She could not cover her amusement at his mistake. |对他的错误，她禁不住觉得好笑。
|| | |To everybody's amusement, the actor fell off the stage. |那个演员从舞台上掉了下来，大家都感到好笑。
|| | |2. [C] sth. that makes time pass pleasantly |娱乐（消遣）活动
|| | |The hotel offers its guests a wide variety of amusements. |这家旅馆为客人们提供各式各样的娱乐活动。
|| | |Outdoor amusement will relax you after a day's work in office. |在办公室里呆了一整天之后，户外娱乐活动可使你得到放松。
|▲|<8>hostility⁵ |n. |[U] unfriendly behavior or feeling towards sb. |敌意；敌对
|| | |There is now open hostility between the two leaders. |两位领导人之间的敌意已经公开化了。
|| | |Their friendship is regarded with hostility. |人们对他们的友谊持敌视态度。
|@|<9>moreover |ad. |what's more; in addition |此外；而且
|| | |I don't want to go skating; moreover, the ice is too thin. |我不想去滑冰；再说，冰也太薄了。
|| | |The idea was not good; moreover, it would have been too expensive. |这个建议不太好，而且实施起来花费也太大。
||<10>　<em>anymore</em> |ad. |(used in negatives) (not) any longer |再也（不）
|| | |Money doesn't seem to matter to him anymore. |金钱似乎对他已无关紧要了。
|| | |People are not interested in movie anymore. |现在人们对看电影不再感兴趣。
||<11>distress⁶ |vt. |make sb. feel very upset |使痛苦；使苦恼
|| | |Please don't distress yourself. |请别悲伤。
|| | |The erratic⁷ motion of the plane distressed⁸ me to no end. |飞机的颠簸让我担心极了。
|| |n. |[U] a feeling of extreme unhappiness |痛苦，苦恼
|| | |Her death was a great distress to all the family. |他去世使全家人感到万分悲痛。
|| | |Two in distress makes sorrow less.| 同病相怜。
||<12>devise|vt. |create or invent a new way of doing sth. |设计；发明
|| | |The teacher has devised a new method of teaching foreign languages. |那位老师发明了一种教授外语的新方法。
|| | |He devised a plan for getting the jewels out of the country. |他想出了一个把珠宝带出国的计划。
||<13>mechanism⁹ |n. |[C] a way of behaving that helps sb. deal with a problem |行为方式；机制
|| | |Rabbits, too, have their survival mechanisms¹⁰. |兔子也有自己的生存之道。
|| | |Her offensive way is just a defense¹¹ mechanism. |她的咄咄逼人不过是出于防卫心理。
||<14>cope |vi. |be able to deal with sth. difficult |应付；处理
|| | |The local government has successfully coped with the problems of environmental pollution. |当地政府成功地解决了环境污染问题。
|| | |It's a tough job but I'm sure he'll cope. |这是一项艰难的工作，但我肯定他能克服困难，完成任务。
|*|<15>repression¹³|n. |1. [U] control of strong feelings |（对情感或欲望的）压抑；抑制
|| | |The repression of one's true feelings is wrong. |抑制自己的真实情感是不对的。
|| | |He felt that much unhappiness was because of repression. |他感到许多的不快都是由压抑引起的。
|| | |2. [U] cruel and severe control of a large group of people |镇压
|| | |They were a people who knew repression; they had suffered under a totalitarian ruler their entire lives. |他们这个民族深知压迫之苦，他们一生都遭受独裁者的统治。
|| | |The political repression in this country is imposed by severe fear. |这个国家的政治镇压是通过恐怖行动来实施的。
|@|<16>acceptable |a. |good enough; satisfactory |可接受的；合意的
|| | |I would not call the breakfast great, but it was generally acceptable. |我不认为早餐好极了，但基本上也还过得去。
|| | |Some low-fat cheeses have quite an acceptable flavor but some taste like rubber. |有些低脂奶酪味道不错，但有些吃起来就味同嚼蜡了。
|■|<17>regression|n. |[U] a return to an earlier stage of development |回归；倒退
|| | |The psychologist believed that the man was experiencing regression as a result of dealing¹⁴ with a new situation. |心理学家认为那男子因面临新形势而正处于行为回归阶段。
|| | |Regression is a psychological state that a person should guard against. |行为倒退是我们应该提防的心理状态。
||<18>　<em>irresponsible</em> |a.     |not responsible |不负责任的
|| | |Police blame higher crime rates on irresponsible parents who allow their teenage children to stay out all night. |警方把犯罪率上升归因于不负责任的家长，他们任由自己十多岁的孩子在外彻夜不归。
|| | |It was highly irresponsible of him to leave the children alone in the house. |他把孩子们单独留在家，极不负责。
|@|<19>isolate |vt. |keep sb. or sth. apart from other people or things| 使孤立；使隔离
|| | |When a person has an infectious disease, he is usually isolated¹⁶ from other people. |人患传染病时通常与他人隔离。
|| | |She kept herself almost isolated from her colleagues. |她几乎不与同事来往。
|*|<20>isolation¹⁷ |n. |[U] the state of being isolated |隔离；孤立
|| | |They live in complete isolation in a mountain. |他们在山里过着完全与世隔绝的生活。
|| | |fight in isolation |孤军奋战
|@|<21>reject     |vt.    |1. refuse to accept sth. |拒绝；不接受
|| | |She rejected his offer of marriage. |她拒绝了他的求婚。
|| | |He was rejected by the army because of his poor sight. |他由于视力差而未被接受入伍。
|| | |2. throw sth. away |抛弃，丢弃
|| | |Damaged products were rejected by our quality control. |受损的产品经检验不合格而报废。
|| | |She rejected all the buns that were burned. |她剔弃所有烘焦的小甜圆面包。
||<22>　<em>rejection¹⁸</em>|n. |[C, U] the act of not accepting |拒绝；不接受
|| | |The company's rejection made him disappointed. |公司回绝了他，令他很失望。
|| | |I've applied¹⁹ for ten jobs, but all I've got back is rejections²⁰. |我申请了十份工作，但都被回绝了。
utilize²¹">|@|<23>utilize |vt. |(BrE utilise) use; make use of |使用
|| | |You may be able to utilize their assistance. |你或许能用得上他们的帮助。
|| | |You should utilize your abilities in a suitable job. |你应该在合适的工作上发挥自己的才能。
|@|<24>deal |vi. |(dealt, dealt) (with) take action, esp. to solve a problem |对付；应付；处理
|| | |However, not all problems can be dealt with mathematically. |然而，不是所有问题都可以用数学方法来解决的。
|| | |They should deal properly and fairly with any complaint. |他们应该合理、公正地处理任何投诉。
||<25>hostile |a. |1. angry and very unfriendly toward sb. |怀有敌意的，敌对的
|| | |She found his attitude to her obviously hostile. |她发现他对自己的态度明显怀有敌意。
|| | |She gave him a hostile look. |她怀有敌意地看了他一眼。
|| | |2. of an enemy |敌方的，好战的
|| | |a hostile army |敌军
|| | |hostile forces |敌方力量
|@|<26>recognition |n.  |[sing., U] the act of realizing and accepting that sth. is true |承认；认可
|| | |There is a growing recognition of the need for more preventive treatment. |越来越多的人认识到对于预防措施的需求。
|| | |Alice is moved by Richard's recognition of her importance in his life. |理查德承认爱丽丝在他生命中很重要，这让爱丽丝非常感动。
|@|<27>temporary |a. |lasting only for a short time |暂时的
|| | |France has agreed to a temporary suspension of military activities. |法国同意暂停军事行动。
|| | |I've got a temporary secretarial job, but I'm hoping to find something more permanent. |我有个临时的秘书工作，但我希望能找到更固定的职业。
||<28>recovery |n. |1. [sing., U] return to a normal state |恢复；痊愈
|| | |He's now well on the way to recovery. |他在顺利地康复。
|| | |He's past recovery. |他已毫无康复的希望。
|| | |2. [U] the act of getting sth. back that is lost |重获；复得
|| | |the recovery of stolen goods |追回赃物
|| | |the recovery of a fallen city |收复失陷城市
|@|<29>favorable |a. |(BrE favourable) |
|| | |1. giving sb. or sth. an advantage |有利的
|| | |favorable winds |顺风
|| | |The position of his shop is favorable to business. |他的商店所处的位置有利于做生意。
|| | |2. giving or showing agreement |赞成的
|| | |It's encouraging to receive a favorable report on one's work. |收到一份对自己工作表示赞同的报告很令人鼓舞。
|| | |We found that most people were favorable to the idea. |我们发现大多数人都赞成这个意见。
||<30>symptom |n.|1. [C] a sign of a bad condition or problem |迹象；征兆
|| | |He recognizes the symptoms, but refuses to admit that he has made a mistake. |他承认这些迹象，但不愿承认自己是犯了错误。
|| | |The Government must not ignore these symptoms of present economic problems. |政府不应忽视这些能反映当前经济问题的现象。
|| | |2. [C] a sign that shows an illness |症状
|| | |First the doctor asked me to describe my symptoms. |医生首先让我描述自己的症状。
|| | |All the symptoms point to a cold. |所有的症状都表明是感冒。
||<31>distinction|n. |1. [sing.] a special or unique quality |特点；特征
|| | |Our company has the distinction of being the only travel agent located in this area. |我们公司是这个地区唯一的一家旅行社。
|| | |2. [C] a difference between two things |区别；差别
|| | |There is no obvious distinction between the twins. |那对孪生儿之间没有明显差异。
|| | |There's a clear distinction between the forms of speech in the two regions. |两地方言有明显差异。
|| | |3. [U] the quality of being excellent |卓越；杰出
|| | |a dancer of distinction |凤毛麟角的舞蹈家
|| | |a writer of distinction |著名作家
|@|<32>appreciate|vt. |1. understand and enjoy |欣赏；赏识
|| | |You can't fully¹² appreciate Shakespeare in translation. |通过翻译的文字，你是没法充分赏析莎士比亚的作品的。
|| | |2. be grateful for sth. |对...表示感谢
|| | |I appreciate your concern for me. |很感谢你对我的关心。
|| | |I'd appreciate it if you lend me some money. |你要能借我些钱，我将感激不尽。
||<33>acquisition |n.  |[U] the act of gaining sth. |获得，得到
|| | |He spent hundreds of hours in the acquisition of skill at playing the piano. |他花了数百小时掌握弹钢琴的技巧。
|| | |The children progressed in the acquisition of basic skills. |孩子们在掌握基本技能方面取得了进步。
alleviate²²">|@*|<34>alleviate |vt. |make sth. less serious |减轻，缓和
|| | |They alleviated²³ their boredom²⁴ by singing songs while they waited. |他们通过唱歌来减轻等待时的烦躁。
|| | |We want to help alleviate their lack of food. |我们想帮助他们缓解粮食短缺的状况。
|@|<35>interact |vi. |1.(with) communicate with sb. |交流
|| | |Linda has a problem of interacting with other children in her class. |琳达不能和班里别的孩子交流。
|| | |To be a good teacher, you have to interact well with all sorts of students. |要成为一个好老师，你必须能和各种各样的学生很好地交流。
|| | |2. have an effect on each other |互相作用；互相影响
|| | |We learned about how people and their environment interact. |我们了解了人和环境怎样相互作用。
|| | |There will be a true global village in which telephones, computers, and televisions interact. |将会出现一个由电话、计算机和电视机联系起来的真正的地球村。
|@|<36>considerable |a.   |fairly large or great |相当大的；相当多的
|| | |A considerable amount of research was done here by our science department. |我们科学部承担了这里大量的研究工作。
|| | |Attracting tourists to the area is going to take considerable effort. |吸引旅游者来这个地区看来得付出相当大的努力。
|@|<37>furthermore |ad.  |in addition to what has been said; moreover |此外；而且
|| | |The house is too small, and, furthermore, it's too far from the city. |房子太小，而且离城里太远。
|| | |I don't know what happened to Rupert Ford²⁵ and, furthermore, I don't care. |我不知道鲁珀特·福特碰到了什么事，而且我也不关心。
<TITLE>Phrases and Expressions</TITLE>
||<38>adjust to  |get used to a new situation |适应
|| |The human body can quickly adjust itself to changes in temperature. |人体能很快地自行调节，以适应气温变化。
|| |I can't adjust to living on my own. |我无法适应独立生活。
||<39>familiar to |well known to |为...所熟悉
|| |The facts are familiar to every schoolboy. |这些事实是每个中小学男生都熟知的。
|| |The house looked strangely familiar to her. |奇怪的是这座房子在她看来似曾相识。
||<40>culture shock |confusion caused by contact with a culture other than one's own |文化冲击；文化震撼
|| |I get culture shock every time I come back to this country. |每次回到这个国家我都会经历文化冲击。
|| |For seasoned travelers, culture shock is only a short-term problem. |对于经常旅游的人来说，文化冲击只是一个短期的问题。
||<41>tired of (doing) sth. |no longer wanting sth. or wanting to do sth. |厌烦（做）某事
|| |I'm tired of your lame¹⁵ excuses. |你的那些牵强的借口，我已经听厌了。
|| |I'm tired of watching TV; let's go for a walk. |电视我已经看腻了，我们去散散步吧。
||<42>separate from |keep people or things apart from each other |把...分开；分离
|| |This patient should be separated from the others. |这个病人应该与其他患者隔离。
|| |In some way, in the rush to get out of the building I got separated from my mother. |我急急忙忙冲出大楼的时候不知怎么就和妈妈走散了。
||<43>prevent from |stop sb. or sth. from doing sth. |阻止；防止
|| |Nobody can prevent us from getting married. |任何人也阻止不了我们结婚。
|| |His broken leg prevented him from walking. |他腿断了，无法行走。
||<44>recover from |return to a normal state from an illness, accident, shock, etc. |从（疾病、事故、震惊等）中恢复
|| |He's now fully recovered from the shock. |他现在已完全从震惊中恢复了过来。
|| |He never really recovered from the sadness of his wife's death. |他从未真正从丧妻的悲伤中走出来。
||<45>go through |experience a particular process |经历；经受
|| |Has the new law gone through all its stages yet? |新的法律通过了各个阶段的程序没有？
|| |Caterpillars go through several stages of growth. |蝴蝶的一生要经历好几个发育阶段。