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（单词翻译）
|<1>revolutionary |n. |[C] sb. who supports and takes part in a revolution |革命者
| | | |Lenin was a revolutionary. |列宁是一个革命者。
| | |a. |1. relating to a political or social revolution |革命的
| | | |He suffered for his revolutionary principles. |他曾为自己的革命原则蒙受苦难。
| | | |I was very involved in revolutionary activity then. |我当时积极参加了革命活动。
| | | |2. completely new and different |革命性的；创新的
| | | |Revolutionary ideas are needed if education in this country is to be improved. |这个国家的教育要改进的话，需要有全新的教育理念。
| | | |At the time it was a revolutionary approach. |当时这还是一种革新的方法。
| |<2>mayor |n. |[C] the elected leader of a town or city |市长
| | | |For his dedication the Mayor awarded him a medal of merit. |市长授予他一枚功勋奖章，表彰他的奉献精神。
| | | |The mayor was criticized for his indecisiveness. |市长的优柔寡断受到了批评。
|@ |<3>colleague|n. |[C] one of a group of people who work together |同事
| | | |A colleague urged him to see a doctor, but he refused. |他的一个同事劝他去看医生，可是他拒绝了。
| | | |Most of the other artists whose work is on display were his pupils or colleagues. |展出作品的其他艺术家大部分是他的学生或同事
|@ |<4>launch |vt. |1. start sth. such as a plan, new career, project, etc. |发起；开始进行
| | | |The scheme was launched a year ago. |这方案是一年前开始的。
| | | |The new model will be launched in July. |这新的型号将在7月投放市场。
| | | |2. send a missile, spaceship, satellite, etc. into the air or into space |发射
| | | |They hoped to launch the first submarine within two years. |他们希望在两年内有首艘潜艇下水。
| | | |They launched two communications satellites in 2004. |他们在2004年发射了两颗通信卫星。
| |<5>ridiculous|a. |silly or unreasonable and deserving to be laughed at |荒谬的；可笑的；荒唐的
| | | |Do I look ridiculous in this hat? |我带这顶帽子看上去可笑吗？
| | | |Don't be ridiculous! You can't pay $500 for an umbrella! |别犯傻了！你不会付500美金买一把伞吧！
| |<6>misunderstand |v. |not understand correctly |误解，误会
| | | |So she had not misunderstood; she had not misheard. |这么说来她没有误解，她没有听错。
| | | |I told him I'd meet him here, but perhaps he misunderstood and went straight to the school. |我跟他说在这儿见他，可是也许他误解了，他直接去了学校。
| |<7> <em>misunderstanding</em> |n. |[C, U] a failure to understand correctly |误解，误会
| | | |There may be communication difficulties or misunderstanding. |也许会有沟通方面的困难或误会。
| | | |This can lead to misunderstanding, mutual frustration, anger and perhaps quarrelling. |这会导致误解、彼此之间的失望、愤怒甚至争吵。
| |<8>ambassador |n. |1. [C] a representative for a particular sport, business, etc. |代表
| | | |Your CV is your ambassador, and must represent you well when you try to get a job. |你的简历就是你的代言人，在你求职时它必须能充分展示你自己。
| | | |A writer of international reputation is a sort of "ambassador of ideas". |享有国际声誉的作家是一种“思想使者”。
| | | |2. [C] a senior official who represents his or her own country in a foreign country |大使
| | | |The Ambassador replied that he realized that no statement could be made on this subject. |大使答复说他认识到在这个问题上无法作任何声明。
| | | |She's a former ambassador to the United States. |她是前驻美国大使。
|@ |<9>election |n. |[C, U] the process of voting sb. for a position |选举
| | | |Local government elections will take place in May. |地方政府选举将在5月举行。
| | | |In America, presidential elections are held every four years. |在美国，总统选举每四年举行一次。
|▲ |<10>activist |n. |[C] sb. who works hard to achieve social or political change, esp. as a member of an organization |积极分子；活动家
| | | |The Greenpeace activists protested against the commercial killing of the whales. |绿色和平组织成员抗议对鲸鱼进行商业捕杀。
| | | |He's been a trade union activist for many years. |他多年来一直是工会的积极分子。
| |<11>prayer |n. |[C] the words that sb. says when they are praying |祷文，祷词
| | | |He says his prayers every night before he goes to bed. |他每晚就寝前做祷告。
| |<12>veteran |a. |experienced and skilled in a particular activity |有经验的；老练的
| | | |The veteran actor has said he is ready to direct a film for the first time. |这位经验丰富的演员说过他已经准备好首次导演一部电影。
| | |n. |[C] sb. who has been in the army, esp. during a war |老兵
| | | |Some of the veterans were developing illnesses that couldn't be explained. |有些老兵得了原因不明的病。
| | | |A veteran should be entitled to special treatment because of his service in war. |老兵因在战时服过役应享有特殊待遇。
| |<13> <em>basics</em>|n. |(pl.) the most important aspects or principles of sth. |基本知识；基础原理
| | | |I really must learn the basics of first aid. |我真的必须要学急救的基本知识。
| | | |I still haven't mastered the basics of English grammar. |我仍没掌握英语语法的基本知识。
| |<14>sack |n. |[C] a large bag |袋；包
| | | |The corn was stored in large sacks. |玉米存放在大布袋中。
| | | |There was a sack of potatoes in the corner of the barn. |在谷仓的角落里有一袋土豆。
| | |vt. |dismiss; ire |解雇；开除
| | | |The teacher was sacked because he could not meet the standards set by the college. |这个教师因不能达到学校的要求而被解雇了。
| | | |One of the workmen was sacked for drunkenness. |一个工人因酗酒被解雇了。
| |<15>gram |n. |[C] (also gramme) |克
| | | |a hundred grams of bread a day |一天100克面
| |<16>loaf |n. |[C] bread shaped and baked in one piece |（条形）面包
| | | |Store the loaf in a tin and slice it when needed. |把面包储藏在一个罐子里，需要时再切成片。
|@ |<17>sow |vt. |plant seeds in the ground |播（种）
| | | |Sow the seeds in pots. |把种子播种在花盆里。
| | | |When is the best time to sow? |什么时候是最佳播种时期？
| | | |We'll sow this field with wheat. |我们要在这块田里播种小麦。
| |<18>spy |vi. |secretly gather information about the activities of another country or organization |从事间谍活动
| | | |He was charged with spying on the naval bases. |他被指控刺探海军基地情报。
| | | |He is paid by the police to spy on other students. |他受警察的雇佣，暗中监视其他的同学。
| |<19>colonial|a. |relating to a country that controls and rules other countries |殖民的；殖民地的
| | | |The people on the Pacific islands have successfully fought against colonial rule. |太平洋岛屿上的人民成功地进行了反对殖民统治的斗争。
| | | |Various parts of Africa have suffered under colonial rule. |在殖民统治下非洲各个地方都遭受了痛苦。
|@ |<20>jealous |a. |1. wanting very much to protect or keep sth. |小心守护的；唯恐失去的
| | | |She is very jealous of her independence, and doesn't want to get married. |她很珍惜自己的独立，不想结婚。
| | | |He kept a jealous eye on his property. |他小心守护着自己的财产。
| | | |2. unhappy and angry because sb. else has sth. you want |妒忌的
| | | |Don't be jealous of my wealth. |别妒忌我的财富。
| | | |Her colleagues are jealous of her success. |她的同事们妒忌她的成功。
| |<21>assembly|n. |1. [C] a group of people who are elected to make laws |议会；立法机构
| | | |the United Nations General Assembly |联合国大会
| | | |The National Assembly has met to discuss the crisis. |已经召开了国民议会来讨论这次危机。
| | | |2. [C, U] the meeting together of a group of people for a particular purpose |集会
| | | |That anti-government organization was denied the right of assembly. |那个反政府组织被剥夺了集会的权利。
| | | |There's a religious assembly every morning. |每天上午都有宗教聚会。
| | | |3. [U] the process of putting together the parts of sth. |装配，组装
| | | |The assembly of cars is often done by machines. |汽车的装配通常由机器来完成。
| | | |Assembly is the factory's most automated stage of production. |装配是该厂生产中自动化程度最高的阶段。
| |<22>substantial |a. |large in amount or degree |大量的；可观的
| | | |The first draft of his novel needed a substantial amount of rewriting. |他小说的第一稿需要作大量的重写。
| | | |The findings show a substantial difference between the opinions of men and women. |这些发现显示了男女之间意见的重要分歧。
| |<23>scandal |n. |[C, U] behavior or events that are considered to be immoral or shocking |丑闻
| | | |They tried to cover up the scandal. |他们试图掩盖这桩丑闻。
| | | |The newspaper exposed the scandal. |这家报刊披露了这一丑闻。
|@ |<24>fierce |a. |done with a lot of energy and strong feelings, and sometimes violent |激烈的
| | | |There is fierce competition for those scholarships. |对这些奖学金的竞争十分激烈。
| | | |Those fierce animals lived in the forests many years ago. |这些猛兽许多年前生活在森林中。
| |<25>rally |n. |[C] a large public meeting |集会
| | | |5,000 people held a protest march and rally against sexual discrimination. 5,000 |人集会游行抗议性别歧视。
| | | |Rallies are being held across the country to celebrate the victory. |全国各地都在集会庆祝胜利。
|@ |<26>illegal |a. |against the law; not allowed by law |不合法的，非法的
| | | |It is illegal to drive a car that is not taxed and insured. |驾驶没有上税、没有保过险的车是法律禁止的。
| | | |People are asked to stop the illegal sale of cigarettes to children under 16. |要求人们阻止向16岁以下的儿童非法销售香烟。
| |<27>riot |n. |[C] a noisy, violent, and uncontrolled public gathering |暴乱；骚乱
| | | |A riot broke out at the stadium when the home team lost 5-0. |当主队以0比5输了时，体育馆内发生了骚乱。
| | | |The football match led to an uncontrolled riot. |这场足球赛导致了一场无法控制的骚乱。
| |<28>banner |n. |[C] a long piece of cloth with a sign on it |横幅；标语
| | | |The marchers' banners all said "We want work". |游行者的横幅上都写着“我们要工作”。
| |<29>fund |vt. |provide money for an event, activity or organization |为...提供资金；资助
| | | |The museum is privately funded. |这家博物馆是私人资助的。
| | | |A private construction group agreed to fund the construction of the airport. |一家私人建筑集团同意为建造这机场提供资金。
| | |n. |[C] a sum of money for a particular purpose |基金；专款
| | | |The hospital has set up a special fund to buy new equipment. |这家医院已经为购买新设备设立了一个专项基金。
| | | |Contributions are being sought for the disaster fund. |正在为赈灾基金进行募捐。
| |<30>earnest |a. |serious or determined |认真的；坚决的
| | | |At school he was very earnest but he's more relaxed now. |过去在学校时他很严肃，不过现在随和多了。
| | | |They are earnest about their studies. |他们学习非常勤奋。
| |<31>dormitory |n. |[C] (also dorm) a room or building containing many beds, esp. in a school or university |宿舍
| | | |a school dormitory |学校宿舍
| | | |In the first two years, they two shared a dorm. |最初两年他们俩同住一个宿舍。
| |<32>lemon |n. |[C, U] |柠檬
| | | |I paused before the two lemon trees to enjoy their perfume. |我在两棵柠檬树前停了下来，享受它们的香味。
| | | |He asked for a glass of fizzy lemon. |他要了一杯柠檬汁汽水。
| |<33>emperor |n. |[C] a male ruler of an empire |皇帝
| | | |In keeping with tradition, the Emperor and Empress did not attend the ceremony. |为了保持传统，皇帝和皇后都没有出席典礼。
| | | |Opinions differ as to the role the emperor played playing in that decision. |至于皇帝在那个决定中起什么作用，意见是有分歧的。
|@ |<34>refresh |vt. |give new energy and strength to sb. |使振作精神；使恢复活力
| | | |Having had a good sleep, he felt thoroughly refreshed. |他睡了个好觉，感到精神已完全恢复。
| | | |He refreshed himself with a cup of coffee. |他喝了一杯咖啡来提神。
| |<35> <em>refreshing</em> |a. |1. pleasantly different from what is familiar or boring |令人耳目一新的
| | | |It makes a refreshing change to talk to a person who is happy. |与快乐的人交谈会给人耳目一新的感觉。
| | | |2. making sb. feel more lively when they have been feeling tired or hot |提神的；令人精神振作的
| | | |a refreshing breeze |令人凉爽的微风
| | | |The vigorous speech he made is refreshing. |他激情的演讲令人振奋。
| |<36>onion |n. |[C] |洋葱
| | | |Fry for about 4 minutes, until the onion has softened. |用油煎上大约4分钟，直到洋葱变软。
| | | |When the oil is hot, add the sliced onion. |油热了再加上切成片的洋葱。
<TITLE>Phrases and Expressions</TITLE>
||<37>run for |try to get elected to a public position |竞选
| | |He said he was not going to run for president this time. |他说他这次不打算竞选总统。
| | |Last May he announced he would run for the governor. |去年5月他宣布要竞选州长。
||<38>vote in |elect sb. by voting |投票选出
| | |He was voted in as treasurer. |投票结果他当选财务主管。
| | |If he fails he would have little excuse in the eyes of those who voted him in. |如果他不成功，是无法向那些投票选他的人们解释的。
||<39>spy on/upon |watch secretly |监视
| | |Have you been spying on me? |你一直在监视我吗？
| | |He said that someone might be spying on the station. |他说可能有人对基地进行侦察。
||<40>shut out of |not allow sb. to do sth. or be involved in it |不允许做，使无法参与
| | |The other children treated him poorly, shutting him out of their games. |其他孩子待他不好， 不让他参与游戏。
| | |Civilians were shut out of the military base. |百姓不准许进入军事基地。
||<41>have/gain the upper hand|have the advantage or control over |占优势，占上风；控制
| | |The government was beginning to get the upper hand. |政府开始占上风了。
| | |It was easy to see who has the upper hand. |很容易看出谁占上风。
| | |Their team gained the upper hand from the very beginning of the match. |他们对从一开始比赛就占了上风。
||<42>make up |combine together to form sth. |构成，组成
| | |Girls make up 56% of the student population. |女生占学生人数的56%。
| | |One hundred years make up a century. |100年是一个世纪。
||<43>break up |make people leave a place where they have been meeting or protesting, often by force |驱散，解散
| | |The meeting broke up at eleven o'clock. |会议是11点钟散的。
| | |The police broke up the fighting crowd. |警察驱散了打架的人群。
||<44>tear down|remove or pull down sth. roughly |撕下，扯下
| | |They are going to tear down these old buildings. |他们打算拆掉这些旧房。
| | |He tore down the engine in order to repair it. |他把发动机拆开修理。
||<45>in/by contrast |used to emphasize that sth. is clearly different from sth. else |相比之下
| | |When you look at their new system, ours seems very old-fashioned by contrast. |如果你看到他们的系统，相形之下我们的系统就太过时了。
| | |He was friendly and talkative; she, by contrast, said nothing. |他很友好，也很健谈；而她什么也没说。
||<46>in earnest |seriously and sincerely |认真地
| | |The work on the house will begin in earnest on Monday. |建造那座房子的工作周一正式开始。
| | |You may laugh but I'm in deadly earnest. |你可以笑，但我绝对是认真的。
||<47>lay out |1. spread sth. out |摆出，摆开
| | |She was busy laying the food out on the table. |她忙着把食品摆放在桌子上。
| | |He laid the map out on the table. |他在桌上把地图摊开。
|| |2. plan how sth. should look and arrange it in this way |安排；布置；设计
| | |The designer objected to the way his co-worker laid out his rooms. |设计师反对他的同事布置房间的方式。
| | |First we will lay out the look of the place, and then we will start buying materials. |先设计外表，再买材料。
||<48>watch over |guard; take care of sb. or sth. |照顾，看管
| | |The guards were hired to watch over the houses. |雇用那些卫兵是看管房子的。
| | |It was my duty to watch over the children. |照看那些孩子是我的职责。
||<49>deliver the goods |do what one has promised to do |履行诺言
| | |We expected great things of the England team, but on the day they simply failed to deliver the goods. |我们对英国队寄予厚望，但那一天他们有负众望。
| | |As long as you deliver the goods, he will always trust you. |只要你履行诺言，他会永远信任你的。
<TITLE>Proper Names</TITLE>
||<50>Agatha Muthoni Mbogo | |阿加莎·墨丹妮·姆波戈（人名）
||<51>Embu | |恩布（肯尼亚城市）
||<52>Kenya | |肯尼亚（东非国家）
||<53>Nairobi | |内罗毕（肯尼亚首都）
||<54>Lydiah Kimani | |利迪亚·基曼尼（人名）
||<55>Kenyan | |肯尼亚人
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