VOA标准英语2011--Pacific Northwest Looks to Jump-Start Gr

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Pacific Northwest Looks to Jump-Start Green Jet Fuel Industry

The U.S. Navy's F-18 fighter planes ran test flights last year using jet fuel partially¹ made from plant oils. In May the U.S. Air Force's famed Thunderbirds unit of F-16 fighter/bombers became the first aerial demonstration² team to fly on so-called biofuel.
Also this year successful tests were conducted with the Air Force's big C-17 transport aircraft.
Emerging biojet fuel market
These biofuel test runs are signs of an emerging market, according to the new report released by a private consortium called Sustainable Aviation Fuels Northwest, which supports a renewable jet fuel industry in America's Pacific Northwest.
The report says running a jet engine on a blend of biofuel, which is an alcohol refined from plants such as algae³, maize⁴ or soybeans is much less polluting, and less costly⁵, than using pure petroleum⁶-based fuel.
And using biofuels more extensively in aircraft could reduce U.S. dependence⁷ on foreign petroleum and protect airline companies, in particular, from volatility⁸ in the fuel market.
Keith Loveless, a vice⁹ president with Alaska Airlines, says his company saw a 47 percent hike in aircraft fuel prices this year.
"Other airlines have had even worse effects. The wild swings and prices have resulted in the loss of hundreds and thousands of jobs in our industry."
Jump-starting the industry
Loveless says unlike other industries, aviation has limited alternatives to improve energy efficiency or stabilize¹⁰ cost.
"We don't have anything like an electric car that's out there. You are not going to see solar panels on wings any time soon so we really need to prioritize the application of sustainable biofuels to the aviation sector¹¹."
The report finds the Pacific Northwest is a good place for a renewable jet fuel industry because many airline companies and airplane manufacturers, such as Boeing, are based there.
And, report co-author Patrick Mazza with the environmental group Climate Solutions says the region has a wide variety of biomass resources to choose from.
"Unlike our current bio-fuel industry which largely relies on two crops - corn and soy beans - we're talking about a whole range of feed stocks sources including oil seed crops, algae and forest residues¹²."
The new report envisions a supply chain of growers to produce biomass, refineries¹³ to make the fuel and a market of airline companies to purchase it.
John Plaza¹⁴ is the founder¹⁵ and chief executive officer of Imperium Renewables.
Since its launch in 2004, the company has become one of the largest independent bio-diesel producers in the United States. Its refinery¹⁶ has the capacity to produce 400 million liters (100 million gallons) of bio-diesel fuel a year.
Plaza says Imperium is ready to be a major supplier of sustainable jet fuel.
"Imperium is focused on building that technology at our existing bio-diesel plant and adding on to the facility's capabilities¹⁷. So in other words, we are not talking about converting bio-diesel. We're talking about building additional capacity at our existing facility and using much of the infrastructure¹⁸ that's there, for example, the storage and the logistics that we have with shipping¹⁹ and rail and truck."
Plaza says biofuels have met rigorous tests for use in military and commercial aircraft. To forge ahead and build a jet-fuel industry, he believes new federal energy policies and production incentives²⁰ will be needed.
"And I think that that is really the next step is getting federal support in the realm of long-term policy and ideally purchase commitments from the Department of Defense²¹ for these type of fuels to allow for the investors²² to feel comfortable that this is a credible²³, solid business that they will get a return on."
Seeking government support
Washington State representative Jay Inslee has introduced a law in Congress that would extend those Department of Defense contracts from five to 15 years.
"This should be a totally bi-partisan issue.This is good for national security.This is good for economic growth. I'm hopeful on this long-term contract issue that we get this done this year.I'm hopeful."
Experts predict the potential biofuel market in the United States could be 76 trillion liters a year, supplying both military and commercial aircraft. The Boeing Company's vice president for environment and aviation policy,
Billy Glover, hopes renewables can capture at least one percent of that market within five years. "We've set that as a near term target. But the first one percent is the hardest one percent." And, Glover adds, from there it's a matter of scaling up to grow the market, with a model that can meet the demand for jet biofuel not only in the United States but around the world.