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英语语法详解:名词修饰名词

时间:2011-09-14 07:42:35

(单词翻译:单击)

   现代英语的特色之一,是力求以简单的结构,表达复杂的思维。以名词作修饰语,简称“名词定语”(attributive nouns),便是朝向这目标的手段之一。

  所谓名词修饰名词,就是以名词直接修饰另一名词,其作用和形容词相似。例如:
  Science students; the Clinton Administration; dinner-time; oil industry; Christmas party 等。
  下列是名词作修饰语时的语法功能:
  ⒈代替形容词(或形容词短语)或分词(或分词短语),如:
  ● country life→rural life
  ● China-U.S. relations→Sino-American relations
  ● a launch pad→a launching pad
  ● cube sugar→sugar formed in the shape of a cube.
  ⒉代替名词所有格,如:
  ● good rapport1 between consumer and producer countries →good rapport between consumers' and producers' countries.
  ● a proposal for a ceiling on ASEAN commodity imports→ a proposal for a ceiling on ASEAN's commodity imports.
  ⒊代替介词短语,如:
  ● a tool box→a box for tools.
  ● a television programme→ a programme on television.
  ● apple seeds →the seeds of an apple.
  ⒋代替同位语、形容词分句或不定式动词短语,如:
  ● his bank manager son→his son,(who is) a bank manager.
  ● an ASEAN joint2 conference report→a report to be jointly3 made by ASEAN(members).
  上述四种情况是名词修饰名词的常见现象。这情形在报章上出现得更频繁。
  最后有一点要注意的是,名词作修饰语时,与同词根的形容词或分词作修饰语,有什么语意上的差别呢?不同在于前者强调内容或职能;后者侧重属性和特征。试比较下面三组句子,以观察其不同:
  a. labour intensity(劳工密集)
  b. labouring people(劳动的人民)
  a. a space rocket(宇宙火箭)
  b. a spacious4 room(宽敞的房间)
  a. an art gallery(艺术馆)
  b. artistic5 effects(艺术的效果)
  a. a history department(历史系)
  b. a historic relic(历史遗迹)
  a. riot police(防暴警察)
  b. riotous police(闹事的/暴动的警察)

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1 rapport EAFzg     
n.和睦,意见一致
参考例句:
  • She has an excellent rapport with her staff.她跟她职员的关系非常融洽。
  • We developed a high degree of trust and a considerable personal rapport.我们发展了高度的互相信任和不错的私人融洽关系。
2 joint m3lx4     
adj.联合的,共同的;n.关节,接合处;v.连接,贴合
参考例句:
  • I had a bad fall,which put my shoulder out of joint.我重重地摔了一跤,肩膀脫臼了。
  • We wrote a letter in joint names.我们联名写了封信。
3 jointly jp9zvS     
ad.联合地,共同地
参考例句:
  • Tenants are jointly and severally liable for payment of the rent. 租金由承租人共同且分别承担。
  • She owns the house jointly with her husband. 她和丈夫共同拥有这所房子。
4 spacious YwQwW     
adj.广阔的,宽敞的
参考例句:
  • Our yard is spacious enough for a swimming pool.我们的院子很宽敞,足够建一座游泳池。
  • The room is bright and spacious.这房间很豁亮。
5 artistic IeWyG     
adj.艺术(家)的,美术(家)的;善于艺术创作的
参考例句:
  • The picture on this screen is a good artistic work.这屏风上的画是件很好的艺术品。
  • These artistic handicrafts are very popular with foreign friends.外国朋友很喜欢这些美术工艺品。