英语常见错误B系列之三

　　[误] There was¹ a big rain last night.

　　[正] There was a heavy rain last night.

　　[析] 大雨在英语中只能用a heavy rain而不要用a big rain.

　　bit²

　　[误] He is a bit fool³.

　　[正] He is a bit of a fool.

　　[析] a bit可以作程度副词，与a little相同，但它用于名词前应用a bit of, 而用于形容词前则应用a bit，如：I'm a bit tired, 而其简答的否定句应为Not a bit, (一点儿也不。)又如：

　　-Do you mind⁴ if I open the door?

　　-Not a bit.

　　black

　　[误] The children became⁵ black after swimming in the sea.

　　[正] The children became sunburned after swimming in the sea.

　　[析] 因太阳照晒而皮肤变黑，不应用black而应用sunburned, sun colour或dark⁶.

　　[误] The girl has black eyes and black

　　hair

　　[正] The girl has dark eyes and black hair.

　　[析] 英语中black eyes的意思是被打得发青的眼睛。

　　[误] The Europeans⁷ like red tea.

　　[正] The Europeans like black tea.

　　[析] 红茶在英文中应为black tea. 这种惯用法还有：black and blue(鼻青脸肿，青一块紫一块);blackandwhite(黑白电视片)。go black意为"在失去知觉时眼前一片黑暗";look black意为"情况不妙，前景暗淡"。如：After the fight⁸ he was black and blue.On TV, I like colour for something and blackandwhite for others⁹.

　　body

　　[误] Going¹⁰ to bed earlier and getting up earlier is good for your body.

　　[正] Going to bed earlier and getting up earlier is good for your health¹¹.

　　[析] 中文常讲对你身体有利，而英文中则讲对你健康有利。

　　borrow¹²

　　[误] May I lend¹³ some books from the library?

　　[正] May I borrow some books from the library?

　　[误] How long can I borrow it?

　　[正] How long can I keep it?

　　[析] 英语中有三个词都可译为"借"，但意义各不相同如："借入"是borrow，其常用句型结构是borrow something from somebody¹⁴，这是个瞬间性动词，不可与表示延续的时间状语连用。例如：The students want to borrow some books from the library. "借出"用lend，即借给别人东西。其常用句型是lend somebody something, 或lend something to somebody.例如：Could¹⁵ you lend us your dictionary¹⁶?或Could you lend your dictionary to us? 它也是瞬间性动词，也不能与延续的时间状语连用。keep则是延续性动词，可以和表示长时间段的时间状语连用，也可与how long等疑问词连用，如：You can keep it for three days.

　　born¹⁷ (bear的过去分词)

　　[误] I born in Shanghai.

　　[正] I was born in Shanghai.

　　[误] He was born from Greek¹⁸ parents.

　　[正] He was born of Greek parents.

　　[析] "出身于……样的家庭"不要作from而要用of，例如：He was born of a poor family.

　　both

　　[误] They both are students.

　　[正] They are both students.

　　[误] They refuse both to answer this question.

　　[正] They both refuse to answer this question.

　　[析] both作同位语时，一般要用在be动词之后实意动词之前。

　　[误] I know his both parents.

　　[正] I know both his parents.

　　[误] The both brothers were students.

　　[正] Both the brothers were students.

　　[正] Both brothers were students.

　　[析] 当both与形容词性物主代词my, his, her等以及定冠词the连用时，都应将这些词置于both之后。另外，在与定冠词连用时the可以省略。

　　[误] Both of my parents are not at home.

　　[正] Neither¹⁹ of my parents are at home.

　　[误] Both of your answers are not right.

　　[正] Neither of your answers is right.

　　[正] Both your answers are wrong.

　　[析] both不能用于否定句中作主语。表示"两者都不"时要用neither;但作宾语时both与either²⁰则都对，但要注意句意有所不同。例如：I cannot give both of the books to you. (我不能将两本书全给你。)而I cannot give either of the books to you. (两本书中哪本书也不能给你。)

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