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词性--连词

时间:2011-09-15 06:45:46

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(单词翻译)

连词(conj.): 用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before .

1、连词的含义:连接 词与词、短语与短语、或引导从句的词叫连接词。

2、连词的分类:连词分为并列连接词从属连接词两种。

1并列连接词连接并列的词、短语、从句或句子。常见的并列连接词有:and(),but(但是),or(或者,否则),nor(也不), so(所以), however(然而,无论如何),for(因为),still(可是),as1 well as(),both..and...(......), not only ...but also...(不但而且), either… or…(),neither… nor…(既不也不)等。

2从属连接词用于引导从句,常见的从属连接词有:

when(当…时候), while2(正当…时候), after(在…之后), before(在…之前), since3(自从), until4(直到), although5/though6(虽然), if(假如), as(如…一样;由于), as …as…(和…一样), as far as(就…而言), as long as(只要), as soon as(一…就…), even7 if(即使), because(因为), unless8 (除非), than(比…), whether9 (是否…), in order10 that…(为了), so…that…(如此…以致), so that…(以便), now that…(现在既然), by the time…(到…时候), every time…(每当), as if…(仿佛),no matter when(whenever)(无论何时),no matter where(wherever)(无论在哪里)等。

[辨析]

(1) becauseassincefor的用法:because(因为)表示原因的语气最强,常表示必然的因果关系,从句一般放在主句后面;另外,回答why的问句只能用because.  as(因为)表示一般的因果关系,语气比because,说明比较明显的原因,它引导的从句可以放在句首也可以放在句尾。since(既然)表示对方已经知道、无需加以说明的原因或事实。for(因为)是并列连词,语气较弱,用来补充说明理由或提供一种解释。如:He is not at school today because he is seriously ill.(他今天没有上学因为他病得厉害)/ As all of you have got11 here, now, let’s go to the zoo.(既然大伙儿都到了我们就去动物园吧)/ I will ask Lin Tao to go with me since you are very busy.(既然你很忙我就叫林涛和我一起去吧)/ We must be off12 now for the match starts at 700.(我们得走了因为比赛在七点开始)

(2)ifwhether的区别:表示“是否”时,ifwhether同义,引导宾语从句,另外,whether还可以引导主语从句、表语从句(以及同位语从句)等名词性从句或者让步状语从句;而if还可以表示“如果”,引导条件状语从句, (主句与从句遵循主将从现的原则)。如:I don’t know if/whether he will arrive on time.(我不知道他是不是会按时到达)/ I will ring you up if he arrives on time.(如果他按时到达我会给你打电话的)

  [注意]下列情况只能用whether不能用if:①引导主语从句,②引导表语从句,③引导从句作介词宾语,④引导不定式短语,⑤引导让步状语从句,⑥在动词discuss之后,⑦在wonder / not sure之后,ifwhether含义易混时。如:Whether it is a fine day next Sunday is still a question.(下个星期天是不是个好天还是个问题)(引导主语从句) / Please ask him whether to go there with a raincoat or not.(请问一下带不带雨衣去那儿)(作动词的宾语) / Hainan is the place to be, whether it’s summer or winter.(海南是个该去的地方无论冬夏)(引导让步状语从句)/ Please let me know whether you need my help.(请告诉我你是否需要我的帮助)(引导宾语从句)(如果换成if则还可能表示“如果你需要我的帮助请告知”)

(3)whilewhenas的用法区别:while常表示一个较长的动作,它引导的从句动作与主句的动作是只能是同时发生的、是平行的;when可以表示较短的动作也可以表示较长的动作,主句和从句的动作可以同时发生也可以先后发生;as与上两词同义,可替换whilewhen, 表示主句和从句的动作同时发生,常译为“一边……一边……”。如:Please do not trouble13 me while I am writing14 my homework.(我写作业时请不要打扰我)/ I’ll go home when I have finished15 my job.(我干完了活儿就回去)(不是同时发生)/ They were running16 quickly across17 the road when they heard the sound of a truck coming.(他们正快速地穿过马路忽然听到了卡车开来的声音)/ As we walked in the dark18 street, we sang19 songs and talked loudly.(当我们在黑洞洞的街上走路时我们高声地唱歌说话)

(4)till/untilnot…till/until的区别:前者表示一个延续性的动作,后者表示一个才开始的动作。如:I will stay here and watch the baby until you return20.(我会呆在这里看着娃娃直到你回来)(stay这个动作一直进行到你return) / They won’t go on working until they get what they think is reasonable21.(他们要到获得了他们认为合理的东西时才会继续干下去的)

  另外tilluntil基本可以互换,但是在句首时只能用until,不能用till. 如:Until the last minute of the match we kept playing.(我们坚持到比赛的最后一分钟)/ Not until he had22 finished his work did23 he go home.(直到做完工作他才回家)(倒装句)

(5)thoughalthough的区别:两个词都表示“虽然”,均不可以与but同时使用,但在句中可加stillyet连用。although“尽管、虽然”仅作连词,比较正式,一般可以换为though though“虽然、尽管、即使”,还可以与even连用(=even if),表示“即使、纵然”,②作副词时意思是“然而、不过”,不能放在句首although不能放在句末,though则可以,用“,隔开。如:He passed the exams24 although illness25 prevented26 him from going27 to classes.(尽管疾病使他无法上课但是他还是通过了考试)/ she won’t leave the TV set,even though her husband28 is waiting for her for the supper.(她不愿离开电视机虽然丈夫在等她吃饭)/ It was29 a quiet party. I had a good time, though.(这是个不热闹的聚会尽管如此我还是玩得很开心)

(6)prefer30 to…rather31 than…prefer…to…的区别:prefer to…rather than…后面都是用动词原形,prefer…to…都是用动名词或名词。如:I prefer English to Japanese32.(与日语相比我更喜欢英语)/ I prefer to learn English rather than learn Japanese. (与日语相比我更喜欢学英语)

初一连词联系:

1.I had to go to work by taxi_______ I got up late this morning.

A. so        B. but         C. and         D. because

   and, but, so填空:

  1. Jane didn’t work hard last term, _______ she failed33 many subjects.
  2. I like playing badminton, _______ my sister doesn’t.
  3. David got up early this morning, _______ he got to school on time.

Lucy bought a book on animals, _______ she liked it very much.


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1 as pNiyL     
conj.按照;如同
参考例句:
  • He got work in a hotel as a waiter.他在一家旅馆找到了当服务生的工作。
  • In the hotel,the old men were drinking away as usual.在旅馆里,这些老人和往常一样喝个不停。
2 while IeZz7W     
conj.当…的时候;而;虽然;尽管 n.一会儿
参考例句:
  • In a short while,the cat ate up the fish.不久,那只猫便将鱼吃个精光。
  • He teaches English in the school all the while.他一直在这所学校里教英语。
3 since syswX     
adv.后来;conj.既然,因为,自从;prep.自从
参考例句:
  • He's been working in a bank since leaving school.自从毕业后,他就一直在一家银行工作。
  • I have known him ever since I was a child.我自孩提时代起就已经认识他了。
4 until cjnw3     
prep.直到...为止;conj.直到...时才...
参考例句:
  • He arrived home until midnight.他直到半夜才到家。
  • She didn't sleep until midnight.她直到半夜才睡。
5 although 2Liyg     
conj(=though)虽然,即使,纵然,尽管
参考例句:
  • Although my car is very old,It'still runs very well.我的汽车虽然很旧,但仍然跑得很快。
  • Although he worked hard,he failed in the exam.虽然他很努力,但他考试没有及格。
6 though lIRzS     
conj.虽然,尽管;即使;可是,不过,然而;adv.可是,不过,然而
参考例句:
  • It's quite pleasant today,though the wind is rather cool.尽管风有点凉,今天天气还是很不错的。
  • I will have a try even though I should fail.哪怕失败,我也要试一下。
7 even EiUzR     
adj.平坦的,偶数的,相等的;adv.甚至,恰好,正当
参考例句:
  • It was cold yesterday,but it's even colder today. 昨天冷,今天更冷了。
  • He's the best teacher even though he has the least experience.尽管他经验最少,但教得最好。
8 unless SjOwz     
conj.如果不,除非
参考例句:
  • You will fail unless you work hard.如果你不积极工作,就会失败。
  • Don't ask me to explain unless you really don't understand.不要叫我解释,除非你真的不懂。
9 whether wUOzY     
conj.是否…,是不是…;是否…,是不是…
参考例句:
  • I cannot say whether it was Saturday or Sunday.我无法肯定那天是星期六还是星期天。
  • I don't care whether it rains,I am happy.我才不在乎下不下雨呢,我快活着呢。
10 order iJJxt     
n.订单;命令;n.顺序,整齐;勋章;阶级,决议;vt.命令; 调整;定购
参考例句:
  • His desk is always in order.他的书桌上总是整整齐齐的。
  • You pay for it at the time you order it.订购时就得付款。
11 got wfuxi     
v.(get的过去式)得到,猜到,明白
参考例句:
  • I just got some bad news.我刚得到一些坏消息。
  • I have got far too much work to do.我要做的事太多了。
12 off 7Ilxf     
adj.远的;休假的,空闲的;adv.走开,出发,隔断;prep.离开,脱落,在...之外
参考例句:
  • You'd better cool off first.你最好先冷静下来。
  • I need some time off.我需要一些时间休息。
13 trouble tmqwF     
n.苦恼,麻烦;故障;动乱;vt.麻烦 vi.费神
参考例句:
  • I hate to trouble you.我真不愿麻烦你。
  • The trouble is that he doesn't have enough money.麻烦在于他缺钱。
14 writing aeGzKN     
n.写,写作;著作,文学作品
参考例句:
  • I am also writing a short story.我也写短篇小说。
  • Do you like writing for children?你愿意为儿童写作吗?
15 finished otFzWn     
adj.完成的,精湛的;v.动词finish的过去式和过去分词
参考例句:
  • We finished up everything there was on the table. 我们把桌上的东西全吃完了。
  • We can certainly have the job finished on time.我们肯定能按时完成任务。
16 running Zj0zaT     
n.赛跑,流出,运转;adj.流动的,跑着的,连续的
参考例句:
  • I like running.我喜欢跑步。
  • The water is running out.水流出来了。
17 across JJGy1     
adv.横过,使...被理解(或接受);prep.穿过,横过
参考例句:
  • He walked across the road carefully.他小心地过马路。
  • You can go across the bridge.你可以越过这座桥。
18 dark gOQzT     
adj.黑色的;暗的;黑暗的
参考例句:
  • The night is too dark for us to see.夜间太暗,我们看不见。
  • The sky was dark blue and clear when the moon came up.月亮出来时,天空是深蓝色的,非常晴朗。
19 sang 8YBxC     
v.sing的过去式,唱,唱歌,鸣唱
参考例句:
  • She sang a sad song.她唱着悲伤的歌。
  • The children sang out at the top of their voices.孩子们放声高歌。
20 return mDvyr     
vi.返回,回来;送还;回复,恢复;vt.归还,送还;n.返回,归来;偿还,归还;回复
参考例句:
  • I'll return at 10 this evening.我今晚十点回来。
  • I often return in dreams to my hometown.我常常在梦中回到我的故乡。
21 reasonable HTKxU     
adj.合理的,有道理的;通情达理的,公道的
参考例句:
  • Many restaurants do a very reasonable set menu at lunchtime.许多餐馆中午都提供价钱合理的客饭。
  • I'll buy the car if the price is reasonable.如果价钱公道,我就把这辆车买下。
22 had FeBxb     
vbl.have的过去式和过去分词;conj.有
参考例句:
  • I just had a good idea!我有个好主意!
  • The boy had a small branch of a tree in his hand.这个男孩手上拿一条小树枝。
23 did SvwxP     
v.动词do的过去式
参考例句:
  • How many goals did you score in the last game?上一场比赛你们进了几个球?
  • Why did you choose basketball in the first place?你为何首先选择篮球呢?
24 exams 66cc5c978a5d856f82819a8b397fc04b     
abbr.examinations 考试n.考试( exam的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • I made a real balls-up of my exams. 我考试考得一塌糊涂。
  • Jake's passed his exams. We're going out to celebrate. 杰克已通过考试,我们要外出庆祝一下。
25 illness 5bBxZ     
n.疾病;生病;不健康
参考例句:
  • I am sorry to hear of your serious illness.得知你重病,我很难过。
  • His illness has taken a turn for the better.他的病有了好转。
26 prevented 84a903e97f203580c143b0c300a2e8c9     
v.预防( prevent的过去式和过去分词 );阻碍;阻止;[宗教]引领
参考例句:
  • Early warnings of rising water levels prevented another major catastrophe. 提前发出的洪水水位上涨警报防止了又一次的重大灾害。
  • The rain prevented them from eating outdoors. 雨天使他们无法户外用餐。
27 going dsHzY9     
n.去,离去,地面(或道路)的状况,工作情况;(复数形式)goings: 行为;adj.进行中的,流行的,现存的
参考例句:
  • We're going to listen to a report this afternoon. 今天下午我们要去听报告。
  • He hates leaving the office and going on holiday.他不愿离开办公室去度假。
28 husband LbBxv     
n.丈夫
参考例句:
  • My husband just lost his job.我老公刚刚失业了。
  • I visited my daughter and her husband.我去看望我的女儿和女婿。
29 was bglwv     
v.(is,am的过去式)是,在
参考例句:
  • He said he was right.他说他是正确的。
  • He was cold and hungry.他又冷又饿。
30 prefer BPyxL     
v.宁愿(选择);更喜欢
参考例句:
  • I prefer red to blue.我喜欢红色而不喜欢蓝色。
  • I prefer tea rather than coffee.我喜欢茶甚于喜欢咖啡。
31 rather TTOx1     
adv.宁愿,宁可;相当
参考例句:
  • I would rather go out tonight,if you don't mind. 如果你不介意的话,我宁愿今晚出去。
  • This book is rather too easy for this boy.这本书对于这个孩子来说太简单。
32 Japanese W3vxm     
n.日本人;日语;日文;adj.日本的;日本语的
参考例句:
  • This is of Japanese make.这是日本制造的。
  • He began to learn Japanese three years ago.3年前他开始学日语。
33 failed failed     
adj.失败了的,不成功的v.在…中失败( fail的过去式和过去分词 );衰退;衰弱;破产
参考例句:
  • The plan was brilliant in its conception but failed because of lack of money. 尽管这计划构想绝妙,但终因资金不足而告流产。
  • The child was killed when a car failed to stop at the crossing. 汽车在人行横道线未能停车,结果把小孩撞死了。

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