在线英语听力室

Birthplace effect “出生地效应”

时间:2011-11-21 07:52:03

(单词翻译:单击)

   今年7月,14岁的美国华裔少年刘继打破老虎伍兹的纪录,成为美国青少年高尔夫锦标赛史上最年轻的冠军,同时刷新老虎伍兹保持了19年的纪录。刘继出生在纽约州一个只有11万人口的小城市史密斯敦。而该事件又一次为“出生地效应”做出了诠释。那么什么是Birthplace effect“出生地效应”?

  Birthplace effect is the tendency for smaller cities to produce disproportionately more professional athletes than larger cities.
  Birthplace effect“出生地效应”是指小城市产生的职业运动员数目远远多于大城市的趋势。
  A few years a ago, while poring over the statistics of over 2,000 athletes in the NHL, NBA, MBA, and the PGA, sport scientist Jean C?té and his colleagues noticed something interesting.
  体育运动学家让.科特及其同事对美国全国篮球联赛、全美冰球联盟联赛、职业高尔夫球巡回赛等2000多名运动员进行研究时,发现了一个有意思的现象。
  children growing up in cities of more than one million inhabitants had a significantly lower chance of making it to the top than children growing up in cities of less than 500,000, and in particular in towns between 5,000 and 50,000 in size. This phenomenon has been labelled the birthplace effect.
  出生在人口超百万的大城市的小孩,成为顶级运动员的可能性,远低于那些出生在50万以下人口的小城市,尤其是5万到50万人口的城市的小孩。他们将这种现象称为“出生地效应”(birthplace effece)。

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0 ago LKGyH     
adv./adj.以前(的),以往(的)
参考例句:
  • Where were you two years ago?两年前你在哪里?
  • Sheila was here a moment ago.不久以前希拉还在这里。
0 athletes d8e73c272191f17ceb9678065f5970a1     
n.运动员( athlete的名词复数 );体育家;擅长运动的人;健儿
参考例句:
  • a competition for physically challenged athletes 残疾运动员的比赛
  • These athletes work out at the gym for two hours every day. 这些运动员每天都要在体育馆锻炼两个小时。 来自《简明英汉词典》
0 between qQUyN     
prep.在…之间,在(两者)之间;adv.在中间
参考例句:
  • God will judge between you and me.上帝会在你我之间作出裁决。
  • I will come between twelve and one o'clock.我会在12点至1点之间来。
0 birthplace FxezzE     
n.出生地;故乡
参考例句:
  • His birthplace is Washington,but he lives in San Francisco.他出生于华盛顿,但住在旧金山。
  • England is the birthplace of the modern novel.英国是近代小说发源地。
0 chance fXEzh     
n.机会,意外;运气;风险;vi.偶然发生;vt.偶然发生,冒险
参考例句:
  • We will take a chance to have the party outdoor.我们将冒险举行露天聚会。
  • This is the last chance any of us has.对于我们中的任何人来说,这是最后的一次机会。
0 cities a66b311547bf3da88f01139271d5bb50     
n.城市( city的名词复数 );全市居民;(由国王或女王授予特权,通常有大教堂的)特许市;(由政府授予特权的)特权市
参考例句:
  • recent bombings in major cities 近期发生在大城市的投放炸弹事件
  • The bulk of the population lives in cities. 大多数人口居住在城市里。
0 colleagues 7801ef7e930d2e49cf6e071f5fc43c63     
n.同事,同僚( colleague的名词复数 );同人
参考例句:
  • He wanted to confer with his colleagues before reaching a decision. 他想与他的同事先商议一下再作出决定。
  • She is held in high esteem by her colleagues. 她深受同事的敬重。
0 effect v8TyB     
n.结果;效果,作用 vt.产生,招致,完成
参考例句:
  • The medicine had a good effect on me.那种药对我有良好功效。
  • The drug has had an immediate effect on the patient.此药对病人立刻产生了效果。
0 few kk0x2     
adj.很少的,不多的,少数的;int.少数的
参考例句:
  • There are few woods in that area.那个地区几乎没有森林。
  • I have a few questions.我有些问题要问你。
0 growing mr7zm6     
adj.生长的;成长中的;增长的;初期的困难(或问题等)v.种植( grow的现在分词 );扩大;扩展;增加
参考例句:
  • There is growing apprehension that fighting will begin again. 人们愈来愈担心会重开战火。
  • one of a growing clan of stars who have left Hollywood 脱离了好莱坞的那帮人数日益增多的明星中的一员
0 had FeBxb     
vbl.have的过去式和过去分词;conj.有
参考例句:
  • I just had a good idea!我有个好主意!
  • The boy had a small branch of a tree in his hand.这个男孩手上拿一条小树枝。
0 inhabitants 6eb6d6460929f7d134fcd4e49c02ddde     
n.居民,住户, (栖息在某地区的)动物( inhabitant的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • They set fire to the city and massacred all the inhabitants. 他们放火烧了这座城市,而且屠杀了所有的居民。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • He quartered his men on the inhabitants in the town. 他把他的部队安置在镇上的居民家中。 来自《简明英汉词典》
0 interesting YquzGx     
adj.有趣的,有意思的
参考例句:
  • There are many interesting things there.那儿有许多有趣的东西。
  • I find the book interesting.我觉得这书有趣。
0 labelled 4d292e57bb0c07c0578055f9ad8f110c     
v.贴上标签
参考例句:
  • This phrase is labelled as an Americanism in this dictionary. 这本词典把这个短语称为美国特有的语言现象。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • She labelled all the boxes of the books carefully. 她在所有的书箱上都仔细地贴上了标签。 来自《简明英汉词典》
0 larger larger     
adj.大的,多量的;大的( large的比较级 );大规模的;众多的;(服装、食物、日用品等)大型号的
参考例句:
  • These small particles agglomerate together to form larger clusters. 这些颗粒聚结形成较大的团。
  • They're dredging the harbour so that larger ships can use it. 他们正在疏浚港湾以便大船驶入。
0 less q1Ux4     
adj.更少的,更小的;adv.更少地,更小地;n.少量,次要;prep.减
参考例句:
  • I read much less now than I did at school.我现在看书远比我上学时少。
  • You can't buy the dress with less than 50 yuan.买这件衣服没有50元钱下不来。
0 lower 2Acxw     
adj.较低的;地位较低的,低等的;低年级的;下游的;vt.放下,降下,放低;减低
参考例句:
  • Society is divided into upper,middle and lower classes.社会分为上层、中层和下层阶级。
  • This price is his minimum;he refuses to lower it any further.这个价格是他开的最低价,他拒绝再作任何降价。
0 million D7QzO     
num.百万,100万;n.无数,大众
参考例句:
  • I've seen it a million times.我在书上看过无数遍了。
  • What will you do if you had a million dollars?如果你有一百万美元,你会干什么?
0 noticed e486578b7d7586c1e04facceb61550e1     
v.介绍( notice的过去式和过去分词 );关注;关照;说到
参考例句:
  • I noticed a certain hesitancy in his voice. 我注意到他的声音有点犹豫。
  • She cast a sidelong glance at Eric to see if he had noticed her blunder. 她偷偷斜扫了埃里克一眼,看他有没有留意到她的错误。
0 particular BLAxl     
adj.个别的,各个的;独有的,特殊的,特别的
参考例句:
  • We each have our own particular tastes,haven't we?我们各有所好,不是吗?
  • She likes fruit and apples in particular.她喜欢水果尤其是苹果。
0 phenomenon DNQxo     
n.现象,特殊的人,特殊的事物,奇迹
参考例句:
  • Beethoven was a phenomenon among many musicians.贝多芬是众多的音乐家中的天才。
  • How do you explain this phenomenon?这种现象怎样解释?
0 poring f44b949b94c0ed36f63249c5a9e2f351     
细看(pore的现在分词形式)
参考例句:
  • He spent hours poring over the statistics. 他花了数小时钻研这些统计数据。
  • To plan, we spend several poring over the travel brochures. 为了做好计划,我们花了好几个夜晚来研究旅游手册。
0 produce kQkxQ     
n.产品,农作物;vt.生产,提出,引起,分娩,制片;vi.生产,制造
参考例句:
  • We expect writers to produce more and better works.我们期望作家们写出更多更好的作品。
  • The company markets its new produce.该公司出售它的新产品。
0 professional T1ZzR     
adj.专业的;职业的;n.专业人员;职业运动员
参考例句:
  • He is a professional tennis player.他是一名职业网球运动员。
  • I need a professional to sort out my finances.我需要专业人士为我管理财务。
0 scientist fZoxc     
n.(自然)科学家
参考例句:
  • He is a black scientist.他是一位黑人科学家。
  • She has become a famous scientist.她成为著名科学家。
0 significantly MiRz5X     
adv.意味深长地;值得注目地
参考例句:
  • Prices did not alter significantly during 2004. 2004年期间,价格没有大的变化。
  • American English is significantly different from British English. 美国英语与英国英语有很大差异。
0 size OxQwp     
n.尺寸,大小;v.按大小排列或分类
参考例句:
  • I think I can find the right size for you.我想我能给你找到合适的尺码。
  • This room is twice the size of that one.这间屋子有那间两个大。
0 something rwmw2     
pron.某事,某物;被视为有意义的事物
参考例句:
  • Something is wrong with the machine.那机器有点问题。
  • She seems worried about something.她似乎为某事担心。
0 sport avywK     
n.运动
参考例句:
  • What's your favorite sport?你最喜欢什么运动?
  • I like sport and travel.我喜欢运动和旅游。
0 statistics iGyzb     
n.统计,统计数字,统计学
参考例句:
  • We have statistics for the last year.我们有去年的统计资料。
  • Statistics is taught in many colleges.许多大学都教授统计学。
0 tendency FgDym     
n.倾向,趋势;脾性,癖好
参考例句:
  • His health shows a tendency to improve.他的健康有改善的趋向。
  • Prices show a tendency to increase.物价呈现上升的趋势。
0 top AnDwp     
n.顶,顶端;首位;顶点;adj.最高的;顶上的
参考例句:
  • We finally reached the top!我们终于爬到了山顶!The star always goes on top.星星总是放在顶部。
0 towns e8f0422013fdb068a1a20799be2f1fc0     
n.镇( town的名词复数 );(生活、工作或刚提到的)城镇;城镇居民;商业中心[闹市区]
参考例句:
  • The towns are connected by train and bus services. 这些城镇由火车和公共汽车连接起来。
  • New towns were designed to house London's overspill. 新的城镇是为容纳伦敦的过剩人口而设计的。
0 while IeZz7W     
conj.当…的时候;而;虽然;尽管 n.一会儿
参考例句:
  • In a short while,the cat ate up the fish.不久,那只猫便将鱼吃个精光。
  • He teaches English in the school all the while.他一直在这所学校里教英语。
0 years 75aeb98e5241592ad6a6c2c4c78a16ef     
n.年( year的名词复数 );年纪;一年的期间;某年级的学生
参考例句:
  • She is still very active, in spite of her advancing years. 她尽管年事渐高,仍然十分活跃。
  • Travelling in Europe was something of an anticlimax after the years he'd spent in Africa. 他在非洲生活了多年,到欧洲旅行真是有点太平淡了。