Is It Necessary to Develop Toarism?

（单词翻译）

Lesson 12

                       Is It Necessary to Develop Toarism?

                                        Text

           A Little Good Will Can Help People Understand Each Other
    Today we had an American family, the Robinsons, for Sunday dinner.
    The man is in China on a joint¹ project with the department where Mum works. They work in the same office and as Mum knows a little English she often interpretes for him too, so they got to know each other very well.
He had often expressed his wish of meeting her family, but Mum hardly dared to invite him to our old slum of a place. Now that.we've moved to our new apartment we have a more or less presentable place to entertain him and his family. Granny was the only one who had any misgivings² about having "highnosed foreigners" in our house.

    They came about twelve - Mr. & Mrs. Robinson and their two young daughters about Xiao Hong's age. Mrs. Robinson gave Mum a bunch of fresh flowers, bringing colour, freshness and their good will. Mum did the introduction and it was left to ourselves to get to know each other. As was natural Xiao Hong soon got on very well with the two girls Judy and Annie. They all had a common love for Xiao Hong's little kitten and they had endless fun with it.

    Mrs. Robinson was much younger than her husband, but she was friendly and kindly³ and knows a little Chinese. There was a moment of embarrassment⁴ when Granny asked her age. Mum was about to apologize when Mrs. Robinson laughed and said it was quite all right, that she had been here long enough to know it was the Chinese custom. She quite blandly⁵ told us that she was thirty-two, almost twenty years her husband's junior. When they learned that Mum was almost ten years her senior, they were genuinely surprised, for Mum does look quite young. "No wonder you are so good and experienced at your work. I had thought you were fresh from . college! " Mr. Robinson said, perhaps a little flatteringly.

    And of course they thoroughly⁶ enjoyed the dinner. Iike a perfect Chinese hostess Mum and especially Granny kept stuffing them with food and urging them to eat and to drink, apologizing all the time that "it's-all very meager⁷ and coarse fare. " The Robinsons, on the other hand, were loud in their praises and protestations. "We used to hear about Chinese hospitality and now we know what it's really like. How can you describe such a lavish⁸ meal as meager and coarse? Any hostess in the West would be proud of such a feast instead of apologizing for it," Mrs. Robinson said to Mum.

    "And another thing we don't do in the West is to urge the guests to eat and drink," Mr. Robinson added. "With so much good things before me I certainly don't need any urging. The problem is rather how to prevent myself from over-eating! But back at home I often had to ask for a second helping⁹ and my hostess would feel flattered that I should want more of her stuff. Here you don't even give me a chance to ask for,more!" We all burst out laughing at that.

    When they rose to leave they thanked us profusely¹⁰ not only for'the excellent dinner, but for giving them such a nice time. "Living in Friendship.Hotel isn't really living in China. Today we feel we are really in China. We' ve learnt much more about the Chinese people and Chinese way of life today than half a year in the Friendship Hotel. You must all come to visit us one day. Or better still, come and see us in the States on day. "

    Judy and Annie were reluctant to go. They made Xiao Hong promise to visit them at Friendship Hotel, telling her not to forget bringing the kitten with her! They insisted on giving everyone of us a hug and a kiss, which quite embarrassed me. I think Granny was really touched when they kissed her. All her misgivings had been dispelled¹¹.
     It' s surprising how a little good will on both sides can break language and cultural barriers.

II. Read
    Read the following passages. Underline the important viewpoints while reading.
        
            l. The Tourist Trade Contributes Absolutely Nothing
               to Increasing Understanding between Nations
    The tourist trade is booming. With all this ceming and going, you'd expect greater understanding to develop between the nations of the world. Not a bit of it! Superb systems of communication by air, sea and land make it possible for us to visit each other's countries at a moderate cost. What was once the "grand tour", reserved for only the very rich, is now within everybody's grasp. The package tour and chartered flights are not to be sneered¹² at. Modern travellers enjoy a level of comfort which the lords and ladies on grand tours in the old days couldn't have dreamed of. But what's the sense of this mass exchange of populations if the nations of the world remain basically ignorant of each other?

    Many tourist organizations are directly responsible for this state of affairs. They deliberately¹³ set out to protect their clients from too much contact with the local population. The modern tourist leads a cosseted¹⁴, sheltered life. He lives at international hotels, where he eats his international food and.sips¹⁵ his international drink while he gazes at the natives from a distance. Conducted tours to places of interest are carefully censored¹⁶. The tourist is allowed to see orily what the organizers want him to see and no more.

 A strict schedule makes it impossible for the tourist to wander off on his own ~ and anyway, language is always a barrier, so he is only too happy to be protected in this way. At its very worst, this leads to a new and hideous¹⁷ kind of colonisation. The summer quarters of the inhabitants of the cite universitair are temporarily re-established on the island of Corfu. Blackpool is recreated at Torremolinos where the traveller goes not to eat'paella, but fish and chips.

    The sad thing about this situation is that it leads to the persistence¹⁸ of national stereotypes¹⁹. We don't see the people of other nations as they really are, but as we have been brought up to believe they are. You can test this for yourself. Take five nationalities, say, French, German, English, American and Italian. Now in your mind, match them with these five adjectives: musical, amorous²⁰, cold, pedantic²¹, naive²². Far from providing us with any insight into the national characteristics of the people just mentioned, these adjectives actually act as barriers.

 So when you set out on your, travels, the only characteristics you notice are those which confirm your preconceptions. You come away with the highly unoriginal and inaccurate²³ impression that, say, "Anglo-Saxons are hypocriies" or that "Latin peoples shout a lot", You only have to make a few foreign friends to understand how absurd and harmful national stereotypes are. But how can you make foreign friends when the tourist trade does its best to prevent you?
    Carried to an extreme, stereotypes can be positively²⁴ dangerous. Wild generalisations stir up racial hatred²⁵ and blind us to the basic facthow. trite²⁶ it soundsl -that all people are human. We are all similar to each other and at the same time all unique.

                       2. Leaving with a Love of China

    Very soon I will be leaving China. I am well aware that three and a half years is not enough time to "understand" China. But I want to express my appreciation²⁷ for what has been a marvellous experience, made even richer because I worked for the Coal Industry Ministry²⁸ at Shandong Mining College, first at Jinan, and for the past 2 1/2 years at Tai'an. Living on campus in the small city of Tai'an,at the foot of Taishan, was a privilege. It gave me a view of China which can never be afforded to those who live in Beijing or Shanghai or any large city. After all, Beijing is not China, any more than New York City is the United States.

    Of course there have been hardships, frustrations²⁹ and difficulties. But that,s life, anywhere.
    The courtesy, consideration and friendliness³⁰ which have been extended to me, daily, are precious and lasting³¹. I have traveled over much of China. Most of all, more than all the antiquities³², battlefields, scenery, coal mines, factories, temples, operas, and the rest, it is the Chinese people who captured my heart - sincere, warm, incredibly industrious³³, unsophisticated, and capable of deeper, truer friendship than most Westerners can even imagine.

    I have been welcomed into the homes of many Chinese. I have friends from 3 to 83, peasants, workers, professors, doctors, cooks, drivers. I have known people as they suffer and struggle and laugh and weep and argue and have fun - like all human beings. I have always tried not to "look through American eyes", but to see Chinese as people.

    I suggest to those shallow elitists who.can't live without their golf "exercise", that they come to Tai'an and carry 100 pounds of cement on a shoulder pole up the 7, 000 steps of Taishan. Wonderful exercise, and you can earn 2 yuan a day. Those who complain about Yransportation difficulties of any kind can watch the lao taitai-the old ladies with bound feet - who walk from their villages and make the arduous³⁴ ascent³⁵ of Taishan, cheerful and spry. Or ride a bus in any Chinese city at the rush hour, as the Chinese must do every day. (Or any American city; or deal with a Manhattan cabbie. ) And those who complain of the bureaucracy should try going to the Social Security Administration in the US when you are one of the poor and powerless.

    I hope to come back to China some day. But. no matter what, I will never lose what I,ve been given here.
    My thanks to all Chinese for showing me a new, higher standard of strength of character and kindness. And my thanks particularly to the people of Shandong Mining College for their unlimited³⁶, unstinted loving care.

                   3. Yunnan Makes Efforts to Boost Tourism

    Starting from scratch, tourism in Yunnan Province has made progress by leaps and bounds in the last decade. Only 1, 284 foreign tourists went there in 1978, the year when the provincial³⁷ tourism bureau was established. The figure rose to 121, 300 in 1988 - an average annual increase of 25. 4 per cent, said deputy bureau chief Miao Kuihe in an interview .

    In the provincial capital of Kunming alone, there are 11 posh hotels, with accommodations chiefly for foreign tourists, and nine travel agencies that provide services for them. There are also 10 arts and crafts stores in Kunming with a variety of articles with exotic flavours, including national costumes of the minorities.
    In such a short time, tourism has asserted its role in the socio-economic
development of the province.
    In Kunming, tourism has provided jobs for 12, 000 people. In the whole province 25, 000 people work in tourist departments.

    Tourism has helped to promote the catering³⁸ trade, transportation service and commerce of Kunming. It has helped to accelerate the city construction and its embellishment. Moreover, contact with tourists from afar has widened the horizons of the locals, deputy director of the municipal tourism bureau Peng Shaoxi said.
    It has become a consensus³⁹ of local authorities that tourism is a vanguard ndustry in opening the province to the outside world;it is of trategic importance in economic development, and it represents the orientation⁴⁰ of urban construction. In 1988, the provincial government listed tourism as the sixth industry in.importance in economic development, said deputy bureau chief Miao.

    Now, 29 of Yunnan's municipalities and counties are made open to foreigners, a fact favourable⁴¹ to tourism.
    Because of Yunnan' s abundant tourist resources, Miao envisions still brighter prospects⁴² for the tourism of the province.
    It is estimated that by 1995, Yunnan will receive about 200, 000 tourists annually⁴³ and by 2000, their number will rise to 320, 000. Hotels by then should have accommodation for 10,000 people.
    To meet the needs of tourism, appropriate measures are being taken in various aspects, Miao said.

    In April 1988, a centre was set up providing short-term professional training for three to five months for employees in tourist departments. All th'e big hotels have their own training section, aiming at improved service. Seven young employees have been sent to the United States to learn management expertise⁴⁴. Dozens of chefs are in Hong Kong to learn various styles of cuisine⁴⁵. And some young employees are sent to college to learn foreign languages as well as professional skills in tourism, Miao said.

                 4. Advantages of Yunnan to Develop Tourism

    According to the publicity⁴⁶ chief of the provincial tourism bureau, Chen Keqin, on the strength of its distinctive⁴⁷ geographic⁴⁸ and ethnic⁴⁹ features, Yunnan has the following advantages for the development of tourism :
    A good number of scenic⁵⁰ wonders. They are roughly located in three areas. First, those in the area centring around Kunming, of which the Stone Forest is one. The spectacular, jagged rocky formations that rear their heads to the skies are winning world fame. There are also karst caves in this area.

   Second, those in west Yunnan with the two ancient cities Dali and I.ijiang. The Tiger-leaping Gorge⁵¹ of the Jinsha River deserves a mention. It is 16 kilome;res long. The narrowest section of it is about 30 metres wide, which, legend claims, tigers once leapt across. Form the surface of the river to the top of the precipitous mountains on the two sides, the height is 3,900 metres. Within the 16-kilometre length of the gorge, there are 18 risky⁵² rapids and in so short a distance, the drop of the water is 210 metres, averaging 14 metres for each kilometre.The gorge resounds⁵³ with the roaring and dashing of huge waves of the racing⁵⁴ water.

    Third, Xishuangbanna Prefecture in south Yunnan. With its lush tropical forests, the area has many fascinating features, in both natural scenery and cultural life.
    Genial⁵⁵ climate, with all the year mild and springlike. The average annual temperature is 19.3 degrees Centigrade. As a result, the province is a "kingdom of fauna⁵⁶ and flora⁵⁷", with a variety of rare animals and birds, such as elephants, snub-nosed monkeys and peacocks, and tens of thousands of varieties of plants.
    Rich local or special products. They include fine tobacco, tea, ham, medicinal herbs, marble handicraft articles and the Yunnan baiyao, a medicine for haemorrhaging and wounds.

    Folk customs. Inhabited by 24 minorities, Yunnan has many national folk customs, festivals, traditions, dances, costumes and houses that are of great interest. For instance, the water splashing festival in April, with dragon boat regatta, of the Dai people in Xishuangbanna and the torch festival in July, of a few minorities including the Yis, Bais and Sanis, are two of the most famous annual celebrations.

    With such a variety of things to see in Yunnan, tourist parties with special. purposes have been organized. For instance, there are parties to see the azalea looms⁵⁸ of all types in various places: mountain climbing; the folk customs of the norities; or walking tours through scenic routes.
    However, according to the deputy director of Kunming tourism bureau, Peng Shaoxi, there are hindrances⁵⁹ to Yunnan's tqurism.

    Woefully inadequate⁶⁰ transportation facilities. Foreign tourists often find it hard to get into Yunnan, while those who are leaving are often stranded⁶¹ at Kunming's airport for lack of flights.It often takes 10 days to finish a trip in Xishuangbanna, too long for most tourists.

                      5. Good Impression about China

Editor:
    Last May, my wife and I visited Beijing, the capital of your beautiful country, and attended the Fourth World Conference on Continuing Engineering Education. We received a warm welcome everywhere we went. Combining business and pleasure, we visited many areas of the city and met quite a few citizens. from all walks of life.
From our visit, we know that China is a great country; we know that the Chinese people are warm and friendly; we know that Beijing is much safer than most American cities. We have told all our friends about our wonderful experiences. In a few years, we hope to return to China and teach for a semester.

    Unfortunately, the American people do not see your country as we did. Our television media does not convey the warm hospitality of the people. Our newspapers do not report the steady modernization⁶² of the past 10 years, nor do they mention the continuing increase in the standard
of living. Sad to say, the American public thinks of China as it was 40 years ago.
    The solution to my country,s mistaken impressions about China is simple, but it will take time: continue our open door relations; continue our economic trade; most especially, encourage Americans to visit China and experience her friendship and charm!

                                                             Christopher J.Smith
                                                              Westville USA

                      6. Fond Memories of a Trip to India

    At least twice I thought about giving up my trip to attend a conference on counseling in India last month. The first time was when it seemed I could never, ever get my visa to India. The second time was after I had the visa and went fo buy my plane ticket. There I learned the ticket I had booked was not available because of a computer error.
    But I persevered⁶³ and I am glad, because the trip turned out to be nice although it was too short for me to see much of lndia.

    From the moment we landed at Bombay airport, we three women from Beijing were surrounded by the differences in language, people, food, scenes and even traffic-one drives on the right side of the road in China but on the left side in India.
    It was a completely strange place, but I felt easy and safe.
    The Indians we met were so friendly that when each of the participants to the conference was invited to say one thing about the meeting, I said, "I am glad to have this chance to know you beautiful Indian women and hand'some Indian men."

    I would not forget the guard at the exit of the international airport in Bombay who kindly insisted that we wait in seats usually reserved for the guards because the people who were supposed to meet us failed to show up as expected.
    And when I wanted to make a phone call to get somebody to pick us up and could get no coins anywhere, another guard took me to a phone reserved for airport staff .

    It could be a very frustrating⁶⁴ experience to miss one's flight and arrive at the destination eight hours later than planried, which is what happened to us after the conference.
    But it turned out somehow not as frustrating as it might have been. We were at the Coimbatore airport on our way back to Bombay after the conference, and we were to leave for home from Bombay the next evening.

    We were told that we could not take the 10 a. m. flight as we had planned because our tickets had not been confirmed properly and there were no seats available. But we were told that we could be in Bombay that evening if we took a flight to a nearby airport in Bangalore and go from there to Bombay.
    We were killing⁶⁵ time by measuring the airport's modest waiting room when an airport officer stopped in front of us, introduced himself as the officer on duty at the airport, and assured us that there would be no problem, that things would be straightened out for us, and everything would be all right.
    In, half an hour we had our new tickets in our hands.

    Yet, before long, we were called to the ticket counter and informed that we would not be able to catch our connection flight at the Bangalore airport because the flight from Coimbatore would be one hoor late. And we would have to take the next flight leaving Bangalore and arriving in Bombay at 8 p.m.
    One hour later, wben I was thinking how unlucky we were that day, we were lining⁶⁶ up for the security check. A young woman in airport uniform approached us and said, "We are so sorry that we failed to arrange your morning flight. We did try, but..."

    You don't hear such words very often when you are upset by travel problems in China, even when you are the victims of the travel service's mistakes.
    Her words swept away my bitter feelings at having to spenci. the whole day at airports while we might have been exploring Bombay for the afternoon.
    And that was one of the several moments when I could not help but fall in love with the Indian people.

    I fell in love with them earlier when a taxi driver, a quiet old man, followed me and gave me his drinking water to wash my mouth when I got sick halfway⁶⁷ to the conference place.
    I fell in love with them when the children at the school close to the conference building passed by and greeted us with "hello" and "morning" with smiles and a little shyness.

    I fell in love with them when the college students in Bombay, sitting on steps at the gate, waved to us cheerfully across the street.
    Yes, I would love to visit India again. I want to see the protected forests and the flowers blooming everywhere and the eharming, elegant women in colourful Saris again, and of course, the India Airlines staff members, too.

    And I want to see no beggars along the streets, no slums alongside the beautiful beach in Bombay, no school-age boys serving at the tables in restaurants, to hear no new stories about young wives who are burnt to death because the dowry from their parents failed to satisfy the husbands' families.
    And I hope India will see more Chinese visitors in the near future and China see more Indian visitors, too.