赖世雄高级美国英语 lesson 26添加文本

（单词翻译）

　　Hello everybody, welcome again to Radio English on Sunday.
This is Bruce,
/ and this is Peter.
/ Today on two hundred fourteen of your book, we begin twenty six, Berries: Nature's Natural Desserts.
/...
/ Berries! I love berries. I love them so much that I want to share some information about (them with?) you. These really are nature's natural desserts, and we are going to find out quite a bit about them today; everything from some scientific information about them to how to use them, and that means how they eat them and enjoy them.
Let's take a look now, at the first paragraph.
The last child has left the house for school. The table is clean and neatly¹ set, and the coffee is brewing³. The cool orange juice stands like a sentry⁴ over the tableware. Mother sits down, pours cereal into a bowl, and sprinkles it lightly with sugar. She is then ready for the final masterpiece. She carefully spoons precut ruby⁵ red strawberries onto the mound⁶ of golden corn flakes⁸. Pouring ivory-white mild over the concoction⁹, Mother smiles to herself. An attractive, nutritious¹⁰ breakfast fit for a queeen.
______sentry, n, 岗哨，
tableware, 餐具，
ivory, n, 象牙，
cereal: n, 谷类，
flake⁷, n, v, 薄片，2，火星，火花，
/ Mmm-huh. :P
/ Like your mother.
/ Yeah.
/ Ok, this is a just for fun paragraph. This will be a very American type of breakfast. Many American women first take care of their husbands and children, and then sit themselves down to enjoy their own breakfast quietly at home, if they are not also working. So we have a picture here of a way a woman might treat herself, after working hard in the morning to get everybody else ready; she wants to have a treat, and for her it is a bowl of cereal. The cereal this morning is corn flakes, and we traditionally add a little sugar, some milk and then very often a kind of fruit and the fruit we have here is strawberries, which are often ruby red; they are a very red color, like a cherry red color. And this idea is to show how attractive the breakfast can be.
/ mulberries, 桑椹,
/ Right, but that's not for people to eat; that's for the Chinese silkworm to eat.
/ ..it's very organic, 对身体很棒，
/ Mmm, it's more like a berry or a nut?
/ Uhh, more like a berry. Actually.
/ Give me some.
/ Mmm,
/ ..(break some in?)
/ Mm, maybe next time.
/ But first of all a miser¹¹, ..
Ok, let's go ahead.
Most people around the world are now familiar with and can enjoy strawberries, but few are familiar with other more exotic berries such as the goose berry, blackberry and raspberry. Indeed, even fewer people realize what the word "berry" technically¹² refers to. The berry of the botanist¹³ and the berry of the pulic are often two quite different fruits.
This prargraph introduces many kinds of exotic berries that I think most of our listeners don't know about because I don't think these grow in Asia, goose berry, blackberry, raspberry. Again, blackberry, raspberry, (two different pronunciations, are both right.) These are fruits which are common in north America, and I think in Europe also, but I've never seen them here in Asia, and we'll find out why in a moment. These are exotic berries, they are even common especially the goose-berry. Even many north Americans have never tried it before, but it's very sour, it's delicious. A goose-berry we used to collect as children ourselves out in the parks and woodlands. Well, the berry of the botanist, that is people who study plants, their idea of what a berry is and we, the public, who are not scientists, our idea of what a berry is, are quite different, and we'll find out why in the next paragraph.
/ botany, 植物学，--> botanist, ---> botanical garden,
/ And after this in some countries you'll see garden and another gardens, and it's not the "错误？", some people prefer the singular and some the plural¹⁴.
Continuing now to find out how scientists think of berries.
Those whose speciality is plant define a berry is a simple, fleshy fruit with a thin wall and many seeds. Under this classification are several surprises. One would expect that cranberries¹⁵ are berries, of course, but less obvious numbers of this class are dates, grapes, tomatoes, and even potatoes, bananas and asparagus. Indeed, according to botanists¹⁶, some popular berries are not true berries at all. Experts in plant life consider the blueberry an "inferior berry", and strawberry, raspberry and blackberry and "aggregate¹⁷ fleshy fruit. " However, no matter how scientists call them, most people think of berries as small, round, sweet and delicious fruits.
The first part of the paragraph tell us about botanists, people who are experts in plant life; they consider by science a certain kind of food to be a berry. It must have a thin wall, containing many seeds and so on. That's a fleshy food, they call it, which means that we could eat it, and this includes even bananas, which really surprises me. But if you think about it, I don't know, but it has a thin skin, but it hasn't a lot of seeds, and it's very fleshy, on the other hand, blueberries which to me is a berry, are considered the so-called "inferior berry" by botanists, and strawberries, raspberries and blackberries are certainly berries to most people, but to botanists are "aggregate fleshy fruits" and not true berries.
But in the last sentence we find out, it really doesn't matter how scientists consider berries to be, people, the public, thinks of berries as small, round, sweet and delicious fruits.
/ specialty¹⁸, ---> speciality, 差不多. 在餐馆的时候，我们常常问，你们这儿有什么特色菜？
/ What's your house special?
/ or what's your specialty?
/ Yeah,
/ Both right.
/ ..house special.
/ Yeah, usually on the menu you can see "the house special" or "specials", if it's a larger restaurant, those are the dishes the restaurant is proud of.
/ 上面的special当作名词来看，
Ok, continuing now on the next page. 09:26
Berries such as strawberries, black berries, raspberries, and blue berries, prefer cool and moist growing conditions. Though they rarely thrive in tropical conditions, they can be grown on the side of taller hills and mountains there. Several species of wildlife forage¹⁹ for berries, the largest of these being the bear. Some smaller mammals and birds, too, enjoy berries, not to mention people. Wild berries are noticeably smaller than their domesticated²¹ cousins, but many people prefer the full, rich taste of freshly picked forest berries.
So here we find again the berries, which most people, which the public thinks of as berries, they often grow in cooler and moist conditions; they don't like hot and dry conditions, for example, and in the tropics, we of course find very moist but also very hot conditions. But if we have tall hills or mountains, we sometimes find berries growing on the side of these mountains, especially in forests. Not only people like berries, many mammals, including the (bigle) bear, they love berries, so do many birds. Now people like all kinds of berries, but often wild berries are tastier than their domesticated cousins; this refers to fruits which are grown, as a specialty, by certain kinds of farmers, who produce much larger fruits, but people often perfer the natural taste in fruit from the forest, even though they are much smaller.
/ though they rarely thrive in tropical conditions, 这个condition这里当“情况，条件”用，注意可以加s.
但 the patient is in stable condition 的时候，不能加s.
当表示“在。。。条件下，如果。。”的时候，用 on condition that,
Hey, well, if you want a car, I can buy you one on condition that your sister marries me.
/ Right. My sister just called me, and told me to walk.
/ What's the meaning for that?
/ Well, she doesn't want to marry you, so you don't have to buy me a car.
We often use this "condition" as Peter said, in condition, if a person is in good condition, we often think the person is healthy and strong, neither too fat nor too thin, if you are in good condition.
Now let's continue.
Besides being a condiment²² of breakfast cereals, are there any other uses for berries? Westerners make good use of their local fruits. Jellies, jams, and preserves can be easily made with berries gelatin and sugar. These three sweetened foods differ only in the process used to make them. Jellies are made from the juice of a fruit, jams from the thoroughly²³ crushed fruit, and preserves from the partially²⁴ crushed or cut fruit. They are all equally delicious.
On the first page we, in the first paragraph, we took a look at one use of a berry, the strawberry, as a breakfast cereal (topping). Now we find that there are other uses for berries: jellies, jams, and preserves. These are sometimes confusing, I know, especially to my friends here. They sometimes ask me, well, I bought a jar of jam from Europe and jar of jellies from the US, is there any difference? Well, yes and no. We use the same ingredients, berries, gelatin and sugar, but we process them differently. For jelly, you squeeze the fruit and use the juice; for jams, you can use that squeezed fruit itself, and for preserves, you don't even have to squeeze the fruit; you can chop it, or maybe mash²⁵ it, just a little bit, so that you can see what fruit you are eating when you have a jar of preserves.
/ jelly, 就是我们常说的“果冻”. jam, 果酱。preserves, n, 蜜饯.
不过这个preserve是可以当动词用的，the food needs to be preserved in the refrigerator.
conserve²⁶, 节约使用(水，电, energy, ) to economize²⁷,
We should learn to conserve water. 这时候可不能说preserve,
_________词典上说蜜饯也可以用conserves来说的。
Ok, let's continue and finish this page.
Berries are also used in baked goods. Pies and tarts²⁹ often contain berries, as do many other pastries³⁰. These small fruits are also added into cakes and even breads, especially after drying. In addition, the concentrated juice of berries can be used to make cool summer drinks. Concentrated further, various syrups³² can be added to foods as diverse as pancakes and ice cream. As flavorings, they are often added to candies and chocolates. In western cuisine³³, life would be less sweet and interesting without the humble³⁴ berry.
Well, we can use berries besides as a (topping put cereal), jellies, jams and preserves, many ways in western cooking. Baked goods wouldn't be the same without these berries. Pies, we have all kinds of pies, and tarts, a tart²⁸ is a smaller..a tart is like a small pie actually; pie is big enough for maybe four to eight people to eat, and a tart is only big enough for one person to eat but basically it's the same thing. There are both kinds of pastries; there are too many kinds of pastries to talk about, too many kinds in many different countries in many different western countries. You might also find dried berries in cakes, and bread. And we can use the juice of berries for great drinks. If we concentrate the juice, down to a thick sauce we call that syrup³¹, and we can put syrup on pancakes and ice cream. Or, we can add the flavor or the syrup to candies and chocolates. It'll be hard for you to pass even a month without having some kinds of berries used as flavoring in western food.
/ Mmm, speaking of "syrup", in Canada or (Lasca 地名) ..maple³⁵ syrup, or (Bruch) syrup, ..
/ I haven't had that yet.
Ok, well, those aren't berries but those are syrups, but you can't find a lot of syrups like (Lubery) syrup, to add as a flavoring.
Let's finish up now on the next page.
For some people, though, berries are bes eaten fresh. They say that after washing and refrigerating, simply place it generous portion of berries into a cereal bowl, add chilled milk and top with sugar. Enjoy! As the season for berries is usually in the summer and fall, this snack or dessert really hits the spot! For those who do not live where berries grow naturally and plentifully³⁷, these natural dessert fruits can be enjoyed while visiting these areas lucky enough to have them.
Not everyone in the world is lucky enough to enjoy berries. Those of us, in north America and Europe, where berries are plentiful³⁶, especially in the summer and fall, we can enjoy them. And besides cooking them or processing them as we told you on the previous page, we can eat them fresh. Now here we wouldn't say "raw". We usually use the word "raw" when we refer to meat or sea food which we usually cook, but we usually don't cook fruit. So here we don't say "raw fruit"; we say "fresh fruit".
/ fresh 通常指植物. This kind of fruit should be eaten fresh.
raw 通常指的是肉，注意，食物的料理通常把形容词放在后面，I enjoy eating fish raw. 而 I enjoy eating raw fish, 是指鱼拿来就放嘴巴里，不可以的，
)______raw---> ripe,
/ I can remember my grandfather in his very very big garden, ..don't be a flower garden but vegetable garden. It had a row of blueberry bushes against the barn house, and I would go out there to pick fresh blueberries in the late summer, go back into the house, wash them, refrigerate them for just an hour, because it's quite small, and these were almost wild blueberries. And add milk and a little sugar. Heaven! Heaven! The best taste in the world. And that's how many westerners appreciate eating berries.
/ to hit the spot.
/ Well, if you work all day outside and you are hot and then in the evening you want to cool down, for me, a cold beer hits the spot. It's a perfect thing to enjoy at particular time.
Well, let's go back and read about berries from the beginning, our nature's natural desserts.
/ ..and the coffee is brewing, 煮coffee的煮用brew²这个字。千万不要说cooking,
The guests are coming anytime, so fix coffee please, or make coffee please.
to fix tea, to make tea, to prepare tea, all are right.
/ That's it for today talking about food. Join us next week as we ...
_________________Pan. 2003. 8.
Unit 26 Berries: Nature's Natural Desserts
浆果－－－大自然的天然点心
The last child has left the house for school. The table is clean and neatly set, and the coffee is brewing. The cool orange juice stands like a sentry over the tableware. Mother sits down, pours cereal into a bowl, and sprinkles it lightly with sugar. She is then ready for the final masterpiece. She carefully spoons precut ruby red strawberries onto the mound of golden corn flakes. Pouring ivory-white mild over the concoction, Mother smiles to herself. An attractive, nutritious breakfast fit for a queen.
Most people around the world are now familiar with and can enjoy strawberries, but few are familiar with other more exotic berries, such as the goose-berry, blackberry, and raspberry. Indeed, even fewer people realize what the word berry technically refers to. The berry of the botanist and the berry of the public are often two quite different fruits.
Those whose specialty is plants define a berry as a simple, fleshy fruit with a thin wall and many seeds. Under this classification are several surprises. One would expect that cranberries are berries, of course, but less obvious members of this class are dates, grapes, tomatoes, and even potatoes, bananas, and asparagus! Indeed, according to botanists, some popular "berries" are not true berries at all. Experts in plant life consider the blueberry an "inferior berry" and the strawberry, raspberry, and blackberry and "aggregate fleshy fruit". However, no matter how scientists call them, most people think of berries as small, round, sweet, and delicious fruits.
Berries such as strawberries, blackberries, raspberries, and blueberries prefer cool and moist growing conditions. Though they rarely thrive in tropical conditions, they can be grown on the sides of taller hills and mountains there. Several species of wildlife forage for berries, the largest of these being the bear. Some smaller mammals and birds, too, enjoy berries, not to mention people. Wild berries are noticeably smaller than their domesticated cousins, but many people prefer the full, rich taste of freshly picked forest berries.
Besides being a condiment of breakfast cereals, are there any other uses for berries? Westerners make good use of their local fruits. Jellies, jams, and preserves can be easily made with berries, gelatin, and sugar. These three sweetened foods differ only in the process used to make them. Jellies are made from the juice of a fruit, jams from the thoroughly crushed fruit, and preserves from the partially crushed or cut fruit. They are all equally delicious!
Berries are also used in baked goods. Pies and tarts often contain berries as do many other pastries. These small fruits are also added into cakes and even breads, especially after drying. In addition, the concentrated juice of berries can be used to make cool summer drinks. Concentrated further, various syrups can be added to foods as diverse as pancakes and ice cream. As flavorings, they are often added to candies and chocolates. In Western cuisine, life would be less sweet and interesting without the humble berry.
For some people, though, berries are best eaten fresh. They say that after washing and refrigerating, simply place a generous portion of berries into a cereal bowl, add chilled milk, and top with sugar. Enjoy! As the season for berries is usually in the summer and fall, this snack or dessert really hits the spot. For those who do not live where berries grow naturally and plentifully, these natural dessert fruits can be enjoyed while visiting those area lucky enough to have them.
brew: (茶或咖啡）冲好，泡开，v,泡（茶），冲（咖啡），
Old Mr. Chen brewed³⁸ the tea a long time before serving it to his guests.
sentry, n, 哨兵，岗哨
sprinkle: v, 撒，洒，
If you add salt to your food, sprinkle it; don't pour it on.
To scatter³⁹ in drops or particles:
洒，撒以水珠或颗粒状散射：
sprinkled sugar on the cereal.
谷物的粒状糖体
To scatter drops or particles on.
把液体或颗粒洒在…上
To intersperse⁴⁰ with something as if by scattering⁴¹:
点缀通过或仿佛通过…来点缀：
sprinkled his speech with quotations⁴².
用引证点缀演讲
To distribute or intersperse at random⁴³.
随意分配星星点点地随机分布
sprinkle
v.intr.
To scatter something in drops or particles.
洒，撒以水滴或颗粒状的方式散射
To fall or rain in small or infrequent drops.
落下以小而继续的水滴落下或
botanist: 植物学家
domesticated: adj, 驯服的，驯养的，
do.mes.ti.cat.ed; do.mes.ti.cat.ing; do.mes.ti.cates;
To cause to feel comfortable at home; make domestic.
使爱家使在家感觉舒适；使爱家
To adopt or make fit for domestic use or life.
适应家庭生活适应或适合家庭使用或家庭生活
To train or adapt (an animal or a plant) to live in a human environment and be of use to human beings.
驯养驯化动植物从而使其在人类环境中生存并造福于人
To introduce and accustom⁴⁴ (an animal or a plant) into another region; naturalize.
引进把植物或动物引进一个地区并使之适应；自然化
To bring down to the level of the ordinary person.
使通俗化使下降到普通人的水准
domesticate²⁰
[dE5mestikeit]
vt.
使归化; 采用(异族风俗等)
使喜爱家居, 使专注于家务
驯养(动物); 驯化(动植物)
使通俗化
Domesticated pigs are much larger than wild boars.
condiment: n, 调味品，佐料
preserve, 当名词用时表示“蜜饯”，用复数式。preserves.
in the process (of) ... 在。。。过程中，在。。。进行中，
Currently, I am in the process of applying to Harvard.
concentrated: adj, 浓缩的，
hit the spot (食物、饮料）令人满意，恰到好处，正合要求，
A cold beer on a hot summer day really hits the spot!