经济学人55:体貌魅力和事业 美丽不是错

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　　商业

　　Physical attractiveness and careers

　　体貌魅力和事业

　　Don't hate me because I'm beautiful

　　美丽不是错

　　Attractive women should not include a photo with a job application

　　魅力女性不应在其申请表中添加照片

　　AT WORK, as in life, attractive women get a lot of the breaks.

　　工作场和生活中一样，魅力女人总是占有优势。

　　Studies have shown that they are more likely to be promoted than their plain-Jane colleagues.

　　研究表明，她们总是比相貌平平的同事更容易获得升职机会。

　　Because people tend to project positive traits onto them, such as sensitivity and poise¹, they may also be at an advantage in job interviews.

　　因为人们倾向于将正向的优点投加到她们身上，比如敏感，镇静。漂亮女人在工作面试中也处于优势地位。

　　The only downside to hotness is having to fend² off ghastly male colleagues; or so many people think.

　　热辣魅力十足的唯一不足就是她们不得不试图避开病态的的男同事；至少很多人这样认为。

　　But research by two Israelis suggests otherwise.

　　但两位以色列学者的研究表明，情况恰恰相反。

　　Bradley Ruffle³ at Ben-Gurion University and Ze'ev Shtudiner at Ariel University Centre looked at what happens when job hunters include photos with their curricula vitae, as is the norm in much of Europe and Asia.

　　班古里昂大学的Bradley Ruffle和艾瑞尔撒马利亚中心大学的Ze'ev Shtudiner研究了，在简历中添加照片的求职者的境遇，而添加照片在欧洲和亚洲都是惯例。

　　The pair sent fictional⁴ applications to over 2,500 real-life vacancies⁵.

　　研究组给超过2500个职位空缺发送虚构的申请。

　　For each job, they sent two very similar résumés, one with a photo, one without. Subjects had previously⁶ been graded for their attractiveness.

　　每个职位，研究员都发送了两份相似的简历，一份有照片，一份没有。而发送之前，会根据简历照片的漂亮程度打分。

　　For men, the results were as expected.

　　对男性来讲，研究结果是意料之中的。

　　Hunks were more likely to be called for an interview if they included a photo.

　　富有魅力的健美男子如果添加照片则更容易进入面试阶段。

　　Ugly men were better off not including one.

　　丑男不添加照片则会有更好的结果。

　　However, for women this was reversed.

　　但是，对女性来说，结果恰恰相反的。

　　Attractive females were less likely to be offered an interview if they included a mugshot.

　　漂亮女人如果贴上靓照, 则更不容易进入面试阶段。

　　When applying directly to a company (rather than through an agency) an attractive woman would need to send out 11 CVs on average before getting an interview; an equally qualified⁷ plain one just seven.

　　在直接申请进入公司（而不是通过中介）的情况中，漂亮女性平均需要递送11份简历才得获得机会面试，而姿色平平的女人只用递送7份简历就可以了。

　　At first, Mr Ruffle considered what he calls the "dumb-blonde hypothesis"—that people assume beautiful women to be stupid.

　　首先，Ruffle考虑了他自己称为"美女低智商假说"--人们认为漂亮女人是愚蠢的。

　　However, the photos had also been rated on how intelligent people thought each subject looked; there was no correlation⁸ between perceived intellect and pulchritude⁹.

　　但是，照片也对其看起来是否聪明进行评分；发现在所谓的看起来的聪明和魅力之间并没有联系。

　　So the cause of the discrimination must lie elsewhere.

　　所以偏见的根源肯定来自于其他方面。

　　Human resources departments tend to be staffed mostly by women.

　　人力资源部主要由女性雇员组成。

　　Indeed, in the Israeli study, 93% of those tasked with selecting whom to invite for an interview were female.

　　事实上，在以色列的这项研究中，肩负挑选简历，确定申请人是否进入面试阶段工作的93%都是由女性担任的。

　　The researchers' unavoidable-and unpalatable-conclusion is that old-fashioned jealousy¹⁰ led the women to discriminate¹¹ against pretty candidates.

　　研究人员不得不得出一项令人不快的结论，那就是老套的嫉妒心使女性对漂亮的申请者产生偏见。

　　So should attractive women simply attach photos that make them look dowdy¹²?

　　所以漂亮女士就应该在简历里贴上自己的邋遢照片吗？

　　No. Better, says Mr Ruffle, to discourage the practice of including a photo altogether.

　　不要。 Ruffle 认为更好的办法是不在简历中添加照片。

　　Companies might even consider the anonymous¹³ model used in the Belgian public sector¹⁴, where CVs do not even include the candidate's name.

　　多家公司甚至认为，比利时公共部门招聘采取的匿名模式更好，那就是在简历中甚至连名字都不写。

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