英语听力：探索发现 2012-07-04 恐龙是怎样的炼成的—20

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We have evidence suggesting that these animals lived in groups. It’s very reasonable to imagine a scene like this in which you have a juvenile¹ eating a carcass of a duck-billed dinosaur², and other individuals coming and being attracted by the carcass. 

 

If this is going to be a skeleton here representing an edmontosaurus, a duck-billed dinosaur being eaten by the T-Rexes. Is there actually evidence that they ate this type of dinosaur?

 

You have evidence in the shape of bones of duck-billed like edmontosaurus that have tooth marks essentially³ and those marks, those scratches on the bone coincide well with the shape of the crowns of the teeth of tyrannosaurus Rex. 

 

It’s quite forensic⁴. You’ve actually got gnaw⁵ marks on a duck-billed dinosaur. (Yes. Yes.) Fantastic.

 

But the exhibition isn’t only about T-Rex. And amongst the 20 major mounts will be fruitadens, the smallest dinosaur ever to be found in North America. Working from his own illustration, Doyle has created 5 fruitadens.  It’s the first time that this dinosaur has ever been reconstructed. 

 

This is full-grown to scale. It’s a very small dinosaur and one of the smallest in the world. Because its specimen⁶ is so fragile and sparse⁷, the information that we can gather, a lot of it is inferred or we’re guessing that it fits with the group of animals based on what information we do have. We don’t have a full skeleton. 

 

By comparing the size of a full limb to a thigh⁸ bone, it was clear that fruitadens was bipedal, and by studying close relatives, it’s possible to get a good idea of what a complete skeleton would have looked like. The real challenge was to turn that skeleton into a flesh ate animal. 

 

Musculature can be inferred from the bones. You can see muscle attachments⁹. Every animal has some sort of muscle that pulls the leg back and also something that supports the leg in front, a calf¹⁰ muscle, gastrocnemius or any sort of tendon that will go down to the feet. That’s something that exists on every animal that walks on land.

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