伊拉克进攻伊斯兰国重点镇

搜索关注在线英语听力室公众号：tingroom，领取免费英语资料大礼包。

　　The Combined Joint¹ Task Force said Friday Iraqi forces and tribal² fighters from the Anbar region successfully cleared the town of Islamic State, retaking the police station and three bridges across the Euphrates River.

　　The militants³ have held the bridges since September.

　　The task force said the U.S.-led coalition⁴ delivered "precise and effective" airstrikes on Islamic State targets in support of the Iraqis.

　　Iraqi security forces killed a number of Islamic Stade militants wearing suicide vests who tried to attack the U.S. base near al-Baghdadi last month.

　　Iraqi Fighters Drive Islamic State Out of Key Town

　　Devastation⁵ in Nimrud

　　Islamic State militants are demolishing⁶ the ancient Assyrian city of Nimrud in northern Iraq, a Tigris River archeological site whose destruction is part of a continuing campaign that "constitutes a war crime," the head of the United Nations’ cultural arm said Friday.

　　According to Iraqi officials and local residents, the militants moved in on the 3,000-year-old site shortly after noon prayers Thursday with heavy military vehicles, looting artifacts and bulldozing what they couldn’t plunder⁷ or tolerate.

　　"Then they proceeded to level the site to the ground," a tribesman told Reuters news agency. "There used to be statues and walls as well as a castle that [the] Islamic State has destroyed completely."

　　An Iraqi official acknowledged the extent of destruction is not yet known.

　　But the militants "defy the will of the world and the feelings of humanity" with their continuing vandalism, Iraq’s Ministry⁸ of Tourism and Antiquities⁹ said in a statement issued Friday.

　　"Leaving these gangs without punishment will encourage them to eliminate human civilization entirely¹⁰, especially the Mesopotamian civilization, which cannot be compensated," the ministry’s statement said.

　　The ministry has asked the U.N. Security Council for help.

　　'Nothing is safe'

　　UNESCO Director General Irina Bokova on Friday decried¹¹ the assault as "yet another attack against the Iraqi people, reminding us that nothing is safe from the cultural cleansing¹² underway in the country….

　　"We cannot remain silent. The deliberate destruction of cultural heritage constitutes a war crime," she said, appealing to the "entire international community" to "put an end to this catastrophe¹³."

　　Mechtild Rossler, deputy director of UNESCO's World Heritage Center in Paris, told VOA the agency fears at least three royal tombs at the Nimrud site may have been affected¹⁴.

　　Nimrud is not on the World Heritage list, but Rossler said the city definitely has "a potential outstanding universal value." (A digital reconstruction¹⁵ of its Northwest Palace, for example, appears in a Metropolitan¹⁶ Museum of Art video.)

　　"Nimrud has been mentioned in sacred texts all over the world," including the Quran and Bible, "so it's a total misunderstanding that this is an object to be destroyed," Rossler continued. "... These people, they are destroying their own history and their own identity."

　　The attack is part of the militants’ continuing campaign to terrorize and financially profit, while erasing¹⁷ signs of pre-Islamic or non-Muslim history in swaths of Iraq and Syria under its control. The area includes the so-called cradle of civilization, spawning¹⁸ a mosaic¹⁹ of religions and ethnic²⁰ groups. The group considers anything outside its narrow brand of Islam to be idolatrous or unworthy.

　　Echoes of Mosul Museum attack

　　Nimrud lies about 30 km (18 miles) southeast of Mosul, where an Islamic State video released last week showed jihadists rampaging through the prized Mosul Museum. They knocked over ancient statues and some replicas²², smashing them with sledgehammers and drills. The wreckage²³ included an artifact, dating back nearly 3,000 years, of an Assyrian winged-bull deity²⁴.

　　In the five-minute video, a jihadist announces: "Oh, Muslims, these artifacts behind me are idols²⁵ for people from ancient times who worshipped them instead of God. The prophet removed and buried the idols in Mecca with his blessed hands. Our prophet ordered us to remove all these statues as his followers²⁶ did when they conquered nations."

　　The Mosul attack sparked global outrage²⁷.

　　Archaeologists had feared Nimrud would be next on the jihadist list. Occupied from prehistoric²⁸ times, the Assyrian city reached its zenith during the reign²⁹ of King Ashurnasirpal II between 883 and 859 B.C. He made it the capital of the Assyrian Empire. It was known then as Kalhu and appears in the Old Testament³⁰ as Calah.

　　British archeologist Henry Layard undertook the first formal excavations³¹ at Nimrud, working on the site in the mid-19th century. Sir Max Mallowan, husband of popular mystery writer Agatha Christie, later was among the Western and Arab archeologists working on the site.

　　Christie made several visits to the site when Mallowan led excavations there between 1949 and 1963. He found thousands of ivory plaques³² and figures predating 700 B.C. Most of those ivories, including many made in Egypt and the Levant, were transferred to the British Museum. Christie had cleaned some of them, explaining in her autobiography³³ her method of using a fine knitting needle, an orange stick and face cream.

　　Nimrud enchanted³⁴ the author, who described it as a beautiful spot.

　　"The Tigris was just a mile away, and on the great mound³⁵ of the Acropolis, big stone Assyrian heads poked³⁶ out of the soil," Christie wrote. “In one place there was the enormous wing of a great genie³⁷. It was a spectacular stretch of country – peaceful, romantic and impregnated with the past."

　　IS claims 'idol²¹ worship'

　　It is the past the jihadists are intent on wiping out. Since the militants last year seized swaths of land in Iraq and Syria, they have attacked archaeological and religious sites, claiming these promote apostasy³⁸ and amount to idol worship.

　　Now archeologists fear the militants will turn their attention to Hatra, an ancient fortified³⁹ city dating to the 3rd century B.C. and lying 110 kilometers southwest of Mosul. UNESCO describes the World Heritage site as the capital of the "first Arab Kingdom."

　　Last year, the militants blew up the Mosque⁴⁰ of the Prophet Younis (Jonah) and the Mosque of the Prophet Jirjis; two ancient shrines⁴¹ in Mosul. They have also threatened to destroy Mosul’s 850-year-old Crooked⁴² Minaret⁴³, but locals so far have prevented that from happening.

　　Last week, Iraq’s National Museum in Baghdad opened its doors to the public for the first time in more than a decade. Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi said the move was intended to defy efforts “to destroy the heritage of mankind and Iraq’s civilization.”

　　Bokova said UNESCO "is determined⁴⁴ to do whatever is needed to document and protect the heritage of Iraq and lead the fight against the illicit⁴⁵ traffic of cultural artifacts, which directly contributes to the financing of terrorism."

分享到：