雅思阅读文章中的定位词分析

　　剑6，Test4的Q9：Kim Schaefer’s marketing¹ technique may be open to criticism on moral grounds。题目中定位词为moral，在文章中定位，我们会在文章第三段中定位到“Selling pharmaceuticals² is a daily exercise in ethical³ judgment”，而其中ethical即为moral的同义词。

　　雅思定位词在文章中出现的第二种变身是“近义替换”，这包含近义词或近义词组。

　　剑7，Test1的Q8：However, even before this was understood, the principle had been applied⁴ in the design of instruments which calculated the ____ of the seabed。 此题为在原文中选词填空的摘要题，定位词为“calculate”和“seabed”， 在文章中我们会定位到“Before this was discovered, engineers had already built instruments to exploit the principle, for example to measure the depth of the sea under a ship”。此处“measure”即为“calculate”的近义词，而“sea”即为“seabed”的上义词。

　　雅思定位词在文章中出现的第三种变身是“派生词”。

　　剑6，Test3的Q33：Monkeys were less likely to become diabetic。此题为分类题，定位词为“diabetic”，在文章中定位，我们能定位到句子“…and they have more normal blood glucose⁵ levels(pointing to a reduced risk for diabetes⁶, which is marked by usually high blood glucose levels)”。题目中定位词“diabetic”为名词，意为“糖尿病患者”，而文章中的“diabetes”也为名词，但意为“糖尿病”，是 “diabetic”的派生词。

　　雅思定位词在文章中出现的第四种变身是“反义词的否定形式”。

　　Sticking Power中的Q15：What makes sticky insects feet special is the fact that they can also detach themselves easily from a surface。

　　此题属于人名理论配对，题目中定位词为 detach。到文章中去定位，我们会定位到“’There are lots of ways to make two surfaces stick together, but there are very few which provide precise and reversible attachment’ says Stas Gorb”，句中attachment实际上为detach的反义词attach的名词形式，而reversible表示可逆的，因此 reversible attachment即为detach的反义词(组)的否定形式。

　　雅思定位词在文章中出现的第五种变身是“上义词/词组”。

　　剑6，Test3的Q28：Studies show drugs available today can delay the process of growing old。此题为是非无判断题，定位词为“drugs”，在文章中定位，我们能在文章第一段定位到“As researchers on aging noted⁷ recently, no treatment on the market today has been proved to slow human aging –the build-up of molecular⁸ and cellular⁹ damage that increases vulnerability to infirmity as we get older”。文章中“treatment”即为定位词“drugs”的上义词。

　　雅思定位词在文章中出现的第六种变身是“下义词/词组”。

　　剑5，Test3的Q27：how AI might have a military impact。此题为段落信息配对题，定位词为“military”，在文章中定位，我们会在E段定位到“HNC claim that their system based on a cluster of 30processors, could be used to spot camouflaged¹⁰ vehicles on a battlefield or …”，句中“battlefield”即为“military”的下义词。

　　雅思定位词在文章中出现的第七种变身是“原词”，即没有变身。这种情况多发生在定位词是专有名词、专业术语或实义名词时。

　　剑7，Test3的Q28：Problems in Nordic countries were excluded because they are outside the European Economic Community，此题为是非无判断题，定位词为“Nordic countries”。在文章中定位，我们能够在第一段定位到“Those confined to particular geographical¹¹ areas, such as countries bordering the Mediterranean¹² or the Nordic countries therefore had to be discarded”，句中的“Nordic countries”即为定位词原词。

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