韩国朝鲜举行高级别对话

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　　The high-level meeting began Saturday at the Panmunjom truce⁴ village despite a deadline set by Pyongyang, which had threatened military action unless Seoul ended propaganda broadcasts into the communist north and removed banks of loudspeakers it has installed along the border.

　　The deadline passed without incident - and without the loudspeakers' removal - and the talks began 90 minutes later, at 6 p.m. (local time). Long after midnight, there was no word from either North or South Korea about whether the negotiations⁵ were making any progress, or how long they would continue.

　　Koreas Adjourn² Emergency Peace Talks

　　In Washington, White House officials said President Barack Obama has been kept up-to-date on the situation in the Korean Peninsula. "As the State Department has said," a spokesman commented, "we remain steadfast⁶ in our commitment to our alliance with South Korea, with whom we will continue to coordinate⁷ closely."

　　Even without concrete results, analysts⁸ say the marathon session has delayed any further military activity and given the two Koreas added time to look for a peaceful end to the current crisis.

　　South Korean President Park Geun-hye's National Security Adviser⁹ Kim Kwan-jin and Unification Minister Hong Yong-pyo met with their North Korean counterparts at Panmunjom in the demilitarized zone, or DMZ, separating the two countries.

　　North Korea’s representatives are Hwang Pyong So, a top official in the Korean People’s Army who is considered to be the country's second most powerful figure after leader Kim Jong Un, and Kim Kyou Hyun, who is in charge of inter-Korean relations for the North.

　　South Korea’s Foreign Ministry¹⁰ has said it will not end its cross-border audio broadcasts into the North until Pyongyang takes responsibility for recent attacks, punishes those responsible and takes action to prevent further provocations¹².

　　Military stand-off

　　Despite the high level dialogue, the potential for escalation¹³ or miscalculation remains¹⁴, since both sides are in a state of maximum defense¹⁵ preparedness, ready for the possibility of a major military confrontation¹⁶.

　　A landmine¹⁷ explosion in the DMZ that wounded two South Korean soldiers on August 4 triggered the current crisis. Seoul accused Pyongyang of planting the explosive devices and restarted cross-border broadcasts denouncing North Korea for the first time in over 10 years.

　　On Thursday the North attacked a loudspeaker tower in the DMZ with artillery¹⁸ shells, and the South responded with multiple rounds of artillery fire. No damages or casualties were reported, and the North has disclaimed¹⁹ any involvement in either incident.

　　However, North Korean leader Kim Jong Un subsequently increased his nation’s military readiness, declared frontline areas to be in a "quasi-state of war," and set a 48-hour deadline for military action unless South Korea capitulated to the North's demands. "Our military and people are prepared to risk an all-out war, North Korea's Foreign Ministry announced Saturday, "not just to simply respond or retaliate²⁰, but to defend the system our people chose."

　　President Park Geun-hye met with her National Security Council and also increased South Korea’s defense posture²¹. "We are closely monitoring the situation," presidential spokesman Min Kyung-wook said Saturday. "We are ready to strongly respond to any North Korean provocations."

　　The two countries have technically²² been at war since their 1950s conflict, which never officially ended in a peace treaty.

　　No backing down

　　South Korea’s defense ministry said Saturday its policy is to respond proportionally to any North Korean provocation¹¹ so as to demonstrate resolve and deterrence²³ without escalating²⁴ the conflict.

　　Seoul has 11 loudspeaker towers stationed across the long inter-Korean border. They operate for about 10 hours a day, broadcasting what the South Korean Defense Ministry says is not anti-Pyongyang propaganda, but a mix of fact-based news about the Korean peninsula and the world, weather and popular music.

　　In another gesture underscoring the current level of tensions eight South Korean and American fighter jets conducted simulated bombing runs Saturday over South Korean territory as a "show of force" against Pyongyang's threats.

　　Earlier Saturday, North Korea deployed²⁵ additional weapons near the flashpoint border in preparation for a possible strike, according to the Yonhap news agency.

　　U.S. defense officials say annual drills by American and South Korean military forces were halted temporarily Thursday after the exchange of artillery fire but have since resumed.

　　Dangerous game

　　Saturday’s emergency meeting was the first high-level inter-Korean dialogue since February of 2014. An emergency meeting in response to a forced crisis underlines a pattern of diplomatic behavior employed by past North Korean leaders Kim Il Sung and his son Kim Jong Il, who often used provocations and threats to try to extract concessions²⁶ and aid.

　　During this crisis there has been concern that the young and inexperienced Kim Jong Un would not have the diplomatic skills to engage in such a game of brinksmanship, or a sufficiently²⁷ firm hold on power to be able to compromise when necessary.

　　Seoul has also been less willing to offer concessions to Pyongyang under President Park, and its military has been under orders to respond with force, ever since a North Korean artillery attack in 2010 caught the South by surprise and killed four people.

　　The United Nations, the United States and even the North's key ally, China, have called for calm to reduce the high tensions and potential for further conflict.

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