【英语时差8,16】外星人来电，说什么？

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the previous show Don and Yael discussed communication from other worlds. Well, as it turns out if E.T. does try to phone it will be much more complicated than "can you hear me now"?   D: Okay, Yael, so suppose one day scientists pick up a transmission they think is generated by aliens. Now what? Do we build a landing strip and break out the welcome wagon¹?

Y: Whoa, Don. Slow down. Here's the thing about picking up alien broadcasts. The receivers scientists are currently using to listen to space noise are designed to find constant signals, or signals that are pulsing at regular intervals². But any message carried by these signals would probably be lost because the receivers can't pick up the modulation³, or rapid variations, in the base signal. The SETI institute, which searches for extra terrestrial life, has compared picking up a signal's modulation to picking up the sound of a flute⁴ when it's masked by the noise of a waterfall.

D: Huh, so if we won't be able to tell what they're saying, what good is picking up the transmission in the first place?

Y: Well, for one thing, scientists would still have enough data to pinpoint⁵ where in the sky the transmission is coming from. And any slow changes in the broadcast frequency would reveal information about the rotation⁶ and movement of the aliens' planets.

D: Okay, but how will we know if they're friendly?

Y: Well, if we ever do detect a transmission, this would be huge news--D: No kidding--Y: And the government would definitely allocate⁷ funds to building larger instruments capable of picking up signal modulations. However, even once scientists are able to measure the modulation, it isn't certain that we'll be able to understand the message. I guess everyone's hoping that if the aliens are anything like us, they'll send simple pictures and easy-to-decode messages. 

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