【英语时差8,16】树根及其真菌好友

（单词翻译）

 If I told you there was a large mass of fungus¹ infecting the roots of that lovely pine tree which shades your front lawn, would you be worried? Would you buy a strong fungicide if I said that this fungus survived by sucking valuable sugars, vitamins, and other nutrients³ out of your tree’s roots? Actually, most species of tree and plant are routinely infected by what’s known as “mycorrhizal fungi²,” but this is no cause for alarm. We'll learn how trees can actually benefit from their fungal friends on today's moment of science. Many trees and plants not only host mycorrhizal fungi–they have actually come to depend on them. As the fungi grow, they send fine tentacles⁴ streaming into the soil. These tentacles help channel large amounts of water and nutrients back to the host tree, far more water than the tree would be able to trap with its roots alone. One study found that conifers with the fungus are twice as likely to survive a drought as those without. Some mycorrhizal fungi help their host tree in other ways too, secreting⁵ a tree hormone⁶ that causes the roots to grow new root tips, and a hormone that increases the longevity⁷ of these new roots. Other fungi release natural antibiotics⁸ into the soil, further protecting the tree. In fact, the seedlings⁹ of many tree species will die if fungus does not develop around their roots during their first year of growth. This is a striking example of the biological concept of symbiosis¹⁰, in which two or more unrelated species have co-evolved and now depend on each other for survival. It shows us just how interconnected the delicate web of life is.Which covers our planting earth.