【英语时差8,16】鸟类中不同的行走方式

（单词翻译）

 Last time we were thinking about why some birds hop¹ and other birds walk. We decided² that you can't make any blanket statements about this, because there will always be exceptions. But in general it's true that larger birds are more likely to walk and smaller birds to hop, just because of the amount of energy it takes. But there's more to it than that. Ornithologists are actually very interested in bird legs and feet. The differences between different kind of legs are used in bird classification. For example, what we commonly call "songbirds"--cardinals, wrens³, mockingbirds, warblers--are also called "perching birds." They have specialized⁵ structures in their feet that include three toes pointing forward and one more called the "hallux" that points back. That three-and-one design is excellent for holding on to branches, which is an important skill to possess if you are a bird. Okay, so far so good. But now, what does that kind of foot make more difficult? You got it--a foot with a conspicuous⁶ hallux toe won't be very good at walking. Some birds manage it, and there are different kinds of hallux toes that make it easier or harder. But to move around with feet like that, sometimes you just might be better off hopping⁷. So, evolution has to make a choice. Is it better to perch⁴ safely on branches or walk comfortably on the ground? Do I catch food with my feet or my beak⁸? And so on. The end result can be birds with different kinds of feet, and different kinds of walks.