【英语语言学习】你相信鬼魂的存在吗

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This is FRESH AIR. In her new work of nonfiction called "American Ghost," writer Hannah Nordhaus investigates a haunting as well as the lost world of 19th-century European Jews who emigrated to the American Southwest. Book critic Maureen Corrigan has a review.

MAUREEN CORRIGAN, BYLINE¹: Who doesn't love a good ghost story? The unseen hand moving a cup or the shadow climbing a staircase promises an existence beyond our mundane² realities. Hannah Nordhaus's new book, "American Ghost," is an offbeat³ mishmash of memoir⁴, cultural history, genealogical detective story and paranormal investigation⁵, but it opens in the classic manner of spooky tales, with a sighting.

Late one night in the 1970s, a janitor⁶ was mopping the floor in a grand Victorian mansion⁷ in Santa Fe that had been turned into a hotel called La Posada, or place of rest. He looked up and saw a white-haired woman standing⁸ near the fireplace. She was dressed in a black gown. She was also translucent⁹. Soon, the white-haired woman was spotted¹⁰ everywhere in the hotel along with attendant eerie¹¹ phenomena¹² like cold spots, swaying chandeliers and disembodied voices. Disturbances¹³, though, were centered in one room - the bedroom of the former mistress of the house, a woman named Julia Schuster Staab. To this day, Hannah Nordhaus says, Julia Staab is Santa Fe's most famous ghost. She also happens to be Nordhaus's great-great-grandmother.

Ever since she was a child, Nordhaus says, she's been fascinated with her restless ancestor. The enigmatic figure of Julia Staab has materialized not only within the confines of La Posada, but also in novels, histories of the Southwest, and as a star attraction on ghost tours of Santa Fe. Rumors¹⁴ about Julia's life abound¹⁵. In some versions she is a Gothic madwoman, tortured by the loss of a child. In others, she is a feminist¹⁶ icon¹⁷, protesting her fate as a bride in an arranged marriage, shackled¹⁸ to a tyrannical husband. As Nordhaus points out, Julia's ghost story, like the mansion that was once her home, has been remodeled over and over to suit changing fashions.

Nordhaus, who skeptically sort of maybe believes in ghosts, sets out on what she calls a metaphorical¹⁹ and literal ghost hunt. She wants to disentangle the flesh-and-blood figure of her great-great-grandmother from the ghost. In order to do so, she employs the tools of the historian, such as immigration roles and journals, the tools of genealogy²⁰ and the more woo-woo services of psychics²¹, tarot card readers and dowsers. In her introduction, Nordhaus promises that once she's fortified²² herself with as much knowledge of Julia as she can glean²³, in order to figure out why she might be sticking, she'll spend a night alone in that bedroom in La Posada - a narrative²⁴ teaser if there ever was one.

I said that "American Ghost" is an offbeat mishmash of a book. That's part criticism, part complement²⁵. The book is stuffed with background digressions - some, like the history of the Fox sisters and the spiritualist movement that swept America after the Civil War, read like filler that should have been trimmed. The most compelling sections of Nordhaus's book, however, are the moments when she unearths²⁶ traces of Julia Staab's life. Staab was 21, a daughter of a well-off, German-Jewish family, when she left the old world and traveled with her bridegroom, Abraham, a dry goods merchant, to her new home. Here's how Nordhaus evokes²⁷ her great-great-grandmother's journey via stagecoach²⁸ on the Santa Fe Trail.

(Reading) The seats were stuffed with hay to keep contusions to a minimum, but it wasn't much help with the wheels jolting²⁹ over ruts and pits and stones. Hay lined the floor to warm Julia's feet, and buffalo³⁰ robes warmed her lap. To keep out the cold air, the side flaps were fastened. Julia rode in the dark. An adobe³¹ hut welcomed Julia at the end of the trail, eventually to be replaced by that grand mansion which would be filled with seven children.

Nordhaus vividly³² summons up the larger world of German-Jewish merchant families in the Southwest and delves³³ into Julia's particular friendship or possibly love affair with the Catholic archbishop in Santa Fe who would later be memorialized in Willa Cather's famous novel, "Death Comes For The Archbishop." Fortunately for Nordhaus, she obviously hails from a family of packrats. Her book is graced by excerpts³⁴ from a diary kept by one of Julia's daughters, family letters and several atmospheric³⁵ photos of Julia herself.

At the end of Nordhaus's own trail awaits that night of reckoning in Julia's bedroom. Something does happen there, but my lips are sealed. Whether you believe in ghosts or are just intrigued³⁶ by their persistence³⁷ in popular culture, "American Ghost," is, itself, a haunting story about the long reach of the past.

GROSS: Maureen Corrigan teaches literature at Georgetown University, and is the author of the new book "So We Read On: How The Great Gatsby Came To Be And Why It Endures." She reviewed "American Ghost" by Hannah Nordhaus.

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