2007年VOA标准英语-Rise in Fees Debated for US Residency, Citizens

（单词翻译）

By Michael Bowman
Washington
30 May 2007
 

Visiting a Border Patrol training center in the State of Georgia, President Bush on Tuesday called on Congress members of both political parties to show courage and adopt comprehensive immigration reform.  Mr. Bush says a primary goal is to bring millions of illegal aliens "out of the shadows" and provide a path to legal residency and eventual¹ U.S. citizenship². But while the president champions such reform, the United States is set to implement³ the largest-ever boost in fees charged to those applying for residency and citizenship. VOA's Michael Bowman reports from Washington that advocates for immigrant say the administration is sending mixed messages to an often fearful and vulnerable community.

New American citizens

For newcomers, both legal and undocumented, the cost of pursuing the American dream is about to go up. The U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Service is doubling, and in some cases tripling, its fees. Beginning July 30, the charge for adults seeking residency will exceed $1,000; the fee for citizenship will be nearly $600.

Some say the higher fees undermine President Bush's stated goals on immigration.

Crystal Williams is a deputy director at the American Immigration Lawyers Association. She says, "To come up with a thousand dollars per family member to obtain permanent residence -- it is going to keep a lot of people in the shadows for a very long time."

Williams says the new fees constitute an enormous financial hurdle⁵ that will force countless⁶ poorer immigrants to delay applications -- and may lead some to give up entirely⁷.

But officials at the Citizenship and Immigration Service point out that their agency receives no federal funds to process applications. Costs are covered entirely by fees charged. They say, unless those fees reflect actual costs, services would have to be cut back and waiting times for applicants⁸ would increase.

USCIS spokesman Chris Bentley explained. "We realize that anytime we increase the fees that there is a burden there. There is pain that is caused along the way. However, to be able to remain a world class service provider, to be able to get the services and benefits in a timely manner to the people who deserve them, we simply need the resources to be able to make that happen."

Bentley adds that refugees and asylum-seekers will remain exempt⁹ from charge, and some fees can be reduced for residency and citizenship applicants facing dire⁴ economic hardship.

But if USCIS is constrained¹⁰ by being entirely dependent on fees for operating costs, then it is time to change the system, according to Donald Kerwin of the Catholic Legal Immigration Network.

"Citizenship is a national good. It is important for our country,” says Kerwin. “And so we think that to fix the system, to reduce backlogs¹¹ and improve technology, there needs to be appropriated monies for this. It needs to go beyond the fee-based system."

Some in Congress counter that it would be wrong to shift the financial burden to U.S. taxpayers¹². Republican Congressman¹³ Steve King of Iowa says the new fees are still far lower than what illegal immigrants typically pay smugglers to cross the U.S.-Mexico border.

"We are seeing coyote [smuggler] fees go up to $1500 to $2500 per person,” said Mr. King. “I do not see any fees levied¹⁴ by USCIS that were that high. So if it is cheaper to have access to becoming a citizen than it is to be transported [illegally] to the United States, then, no, I do not think those fees are too high by comparison."

Immigration officials also defend the fee system, saying it provides spending flexibility¹⁵, since revenues go up in proportion to any rise in applications. They say that previous fee hikes have not resulted in drastic reductions in applications for residency or citizenship.

Immigrant advocates counter that the current fee hike is far greater than any previous increases. They also note studies showing the percentage of eligible¹⁶ immigrants applying for U.S. citizenship dropping in recent decades. Opinions vary as to the cause, but immigrant advocates say making it more expensive for immigrants to pursue legal status or citizenship can only serve as a further deterrent¹⁷.