2007年VOA标准英语-Republican Defections Fuel US Iraq Debate

In recent days, two prominent senators from President Bush's Republican Party have made strong statements opposing his new Iraq strategy and calling for a change, well before the first official assessment¹ of the strategy is due in September. The strategy involves increasing the number of U.S. troops in Iraq to help train Iraqi forces and provide security so the government can move toward national reconciliation². The senators' moves have added fuel to the already considerable debate over the future course of U.S. policy toward Iraq, and raise questions about whether the president's new approach is politically viable³ beyond September. VOA Pentagon Correspondent Al Pessin reports.

Senator Richard Lugar is questioned by reporters regarding Iraq on Capitol Hill, 26 Jun 2007

The latest storm over the president's Iraq policy started Monday evening, with a speech by Senator Richard Lugar, a prominent Republican and the party's senior member on the Senate Foreign Relations Committee.

"In my judgment⁴, the costs and risks of continuing down the current path outweigh⁵ the potential benefits that might be achieved," he said. "Persisting indefinitely with the surge strategy will delay policy adjustments that have a better chance of protecting our vital interests over the long term."

Senator Lugar called for a reduction in the number of U.S. troops in Iraq, and a new diplomatic strategy for stabilizing⁶ the region. He said the president's policy has lost touch with vital U.S. national security interests.

On Tuesday, another Republican Senator, George Voinovich, released a letter he sent to President Bush calling on the president to begin planning for the redeployment of U.S. forces and a transition to a situation in which "the Iraqi government and its neighbors play a larger role in stabilizing Iraq."

Previously⁷, three other Republican senators announced their opposition⁸ to the surge policy. It is not clear how these Republicans would vote on specific proposals regarding Iraq, but their statements give hope to Democrats⁹ leading the opposition to the war, that they might be able to get enough votes in the coming months to force a policy change.

The moves by Senators Lugar and Voinovich were hailed by anti-war and anti-surge activists¹⁰, including Brian Katulis of the Center for American Progress.

"The historic speech by Senator Lugar in many ways has rendered the September deadline invalid¹¹ and irrelevant," said Katulis. "It's a serious speech, and I think it represents a growing number of voices finally catching¹² up with the grim realities in Iraq."

Katulis' group and others are planning to spend the next two months trying to convince members of congress to force the start of the withdrawal¹³ of most U.S. troops from Iraq by September.

That is when the new U.S. Iraq commander General David Petraeus and the new U.S. Ambassador to Iraq Ryan Crocker are to deliver a formal report on the results of the troop surge and the strategy change President Bush announced in January.

But some senior military officers and civilian¹⁴ officials have already said General Petraeus and Ambassador Crocker will likely say they need more time to make the strategy work. The number two U.S. commander in Iraq, Lieutenant¹⁵ General Ray Odierno, said last week it could take until next spring to create the conditions for a U.S. troop reduction that would not leave chaos¹⁶ in its wake.

President Bush, 26 June 2007

In a speech on Thursday, President Bush defended the new strategy and indicated that if more time is needed, he would provide it.

"It's a well-conceived plan by smart military people," he said. "And we owe them the time, and we owe them the support they need to succeed."

The president said his policy should not be judged based on al-Qaida's ability to get bomb attacks on television, because the consequences of withdrawing U.S. troops from Iraq too soon would be terrible.

"If we withdraw before the Iraqi government can defend itself, we would yield the future of Iraq to terrorists like al-Qaida, and we would give a green light to extremists all throughout a troubled region," the president said. "The consequences for America in the Middle East would be disastrous¹⁷."

Conservative analyst¹⁸ Thomas Donnelly of the American Enterprise Institute agrees, and says the senators who oppose the new strategy do not understand its purpose.

"What would strike me as particularly tragic¹⁹ would be to have militarily seized the initiative and inflicted²⁰ great damage on not only al-Qaida but the Shia extremists in Iraq, and then for the United States to withdraw or draw down," he said. "I would just hope that success on the battlefield would not only create a different political environment in Iraq, but would create a different political environment in the United States."

But Senator Lugar indicated that is not likely. In his speech Monday, he said the administration needs to recognize that public opinion, opposition in the Congress and next year's presidential election campaign will make the president's policy increasingly difficult to pursue in the coming months.

"The prospects²¹ that the current surge strategy will succeed in the way originally envisioned by the president are very limited in the short period of time framed by our own domestic political debate," Senator Lugar said.

An appeal for more time would also not impress retired²² U.S. Army Brigadier General John Johns, a Vietnam combat commander and former dean at the National Defense²³ University, who opposes the war and believes U.S. troops cannot effectively combat an insurgency²⁴.

"The situation in Iraq today is chaos, and there is absolutely zero chance of this surge working," he said. "Petraeus and his brain trust are the best we have. But this is just 'Mission Impossible.'"

Just how much time President Bush will have to implement²⁵ his new Iraq strategy could be determined²⁶ in part by congressional votes on the defense budget for the fiscal²⁷ year that starts October 1. The man who is perhaps the most influential²⁸ Republican senator on defense issues, John Warner, is to visit Iraq next week. Analysts²⁹ say his views after that trip could be politically decisive.