经济学人:美国的工作与种族 薪资差距(2)

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　　假设他们的控制条件相同，那么白种人员工和少数族裔之间工资差距（最近的估计结果是14%）剩余的九成仍然原因未知。

　　This could conceivably be the product of discrimination, or of something else.

　　这一结论明显会被当作种族歧视的范例，或者是出于其他目的。

　　Digging out the cause of this curious gap remains² hazardous³.

　　深究这一奇怪差距的原因可能有些冒险。

　　Worse treatment by managers of minority workers may itself encourage slacking, says Philip Cohen, a sociologist⁴ at the University of Maryland.

　　马里兰大学的社会学家Philip Cohen觉得，管理者对少数族裔员工的态度越恶劣，员工的消极怠工情况就会越严重。

　　The authors argue that this point is moot⁵, since self-employed minority workers show similar behaviour, but the difference is not statistically⁶ significant.

　　而论文作者则表示这种说法有待考证，因为个体经营的少数族裔人员也表现出类似的行为，只不过差别微小至可以忽略。

　　A recent experimental approach, in which cashiers in French grocers’ shops were randomly⁷ assigned to more- or less-biased managers, saw greater absences and more sluggish⁹ scanning when working under the unfair bosses.

　　一项最近开展的实验将法国零售商店的店员随机分配至存在不同程度偏见的管理者手下工作，其结果是：在不公正领导者手下工作的店员更容易缺席或怠工。

　　It found that eliminating manager bias⁸ would increase time spent at work by minorities by an estimated 2.5%.

　　根据估算，如果管理人员不存在偏颇现象，员工的实际工作时间将延长2.5%。

　　Uncomfortable though the topic may be, the authors have attempted a rigorous analysis.

　　虽然论题本身会令人稍觉不安，但论文作者的本意是进行严密的学术分析。

　　Denunciations came quickly, however.

　　不过，谴责之声接踵而至。

　　Within hours of publication, Mr Hamermesh received vitriolic¹⁰ messages and was labelled a racist¹¹ in an online forum¹² popular among economists¹³.

　　文章发表后仅仅几个小时，Hamermesh先生便收到了各种言辞尖刻的来信，而且在一个经济学家云集的在线论坛上，他被打上了“种族主义者”的标签。

　　Mr Hamermesh, an avowed¹⁴ progressive, who refers to Donald Trump¹⁵ only by amusing nicknames and resigned from a post at the University of Texas over a state law permitting the open carrying of firearms, finds this unfair.

　　公认的进步分子Hamermesh先生认为这是不公平的，他用昵称来指代唐纳德特朗普，从禁止携带枪支的德克萨斯州大学辞职。

　　He notes that Americans work too much.

　　他认为美国人民工作负担过重。

　　His preferred solution would not be for some groups to work more, but for others to work less.

　　而他建议的解决方案并非让某些人承担更多的工作，而是减轻其他人的工作。

　　1.ethnic minorities 少数民族

　　例句:Ethnic minorities called for an end to racism¹⁶ and for protection of native languages and cultures.

　　少数民族人士呼吁结束种族歧视以及保护本民族语言和文化。

　　2.refers to 引用

　　例句:His statement refers to people in general, not to anyone in particular.

　　他的发言是泛指一般情况，不是针对某一个人的。

　　3.Dig out 掘出；发掘

　　例句:She dug out a photograph from under a pile of papers.

　　她从一堆报纸下面抽出一张照片。

　　4.online forum 在线论坛；网络论坛

　　例句:He took a picture of his injuries and shared it with his friends on an online forum.

　　他拍了张负伤照，并上传到网络论坛上与朋友分享。

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