2007年VOA标准英语-Uzbekistan's Strict Border Regime Separates Uzb

When the vast lands of the former Soviet¹ Union comprised a single nation, borders between constituent² republics did not significantly hinder trade and travel among them.  But after the Soviet collapse³ in 1991, those republics -- now independent nations -- instituted border controls, some lenient⁴, some strict.  One of the strictest separates the Central Asian country of Uzbekistan from Kyrgyzstan.  VOA Moscow correspondent Peter Fedynsky recently visited that frontier, and learned that it also separates Uzbeks from Uzbeks.

The Kara Suu market, Kyrgyzstan

About 50 percent of the merchants at the wholesale⁵ market in Kara Suu, Kyrgyzstan, and a similar number of residents in this southern Kyrgyz border town are Uzbeks.  Ethnic⁶ Kyrgyz make up about half of the population on the Uzbek side of the border region.

The Kara Suu market offers a myriad⁷ of imported goods. Signs on local Internet cafes indicate some of the countries that the people here do business with.  They include China, Russia, Turkey, South Korea and Pakistan. 

However, Uzbekistan -- within walking distance of the market -- is no longer a significant economic factor here. 

In 2003, Uzbek President Islam Karimov's government dismantled⁸ a bridge that crossed the Shakhrikhan-Say River between the Kyrgyz and Uzbek sides of Kara Suu.  The move was part of Uzbekistan's protectionist trade policy aimed at limiting imports.  The move not only hurt commerce on the Uzbek side of the border, but it has also impacted ethnic Uzbeks in Kyrgyzstan who buy and sell imported goods in Kara Suu.

A local merchant, Odina, says she has noticed a drop in her sales of DVD players. "We don't understand the problem. We are ordinary entrepreneurs. Our business depends on people from Uzbekistan.  If there are no customers from Uzbekistan, there is no trade."

Odina sells electronics and other goods

Odina's business may pick up when a new bridge is opened to vehicular traffic.  For now, only pedestrians⁹ are permitted to cross.  The nearest vehicular crossing is 15 kilometers away.  As a result, people often cross the border illegally, and many have drowned in the process.

Alisher Saipov is an independent journalist in the southern Kyrgyz city of Osh and a freelance correspondent with VOA's Uzbek Service. He says authorities in Uzbekistan have been unable to cut off the cross-border flow of ideas.

"Freedom does not seem to recognize borders.  Uzbek authorities try to control the border with the help of their Kyrgyz and Tajik colleagues,” he says. “Nonetheless, ideas here spread. I would say various ideas, including extremist ideas, democratic ideas, and also radical¹⁰ ideas."

An observation deck overlooking Kara Suu and to Uzbekistan beyond the river

In May 2005, Uzbek authorities opened fire on people in the city of Andijan under the pretext¹¹ of fighting Islamic extremism.  But international human rights organizations say hundreds of innocent people died in an indiscriminate slaughter¹².  The massacre¹³ created a wave of refugees, many of whom escaped to Kyrgyzstan.  Most have since resettled in other countries with the assistance of the U.N. High Commissioner¹⁴ for Refugees. 

The director of the UNHCR office in Osh, Mulusew Mamo, says the Karimov regime falsely accuses political opponents of various crimes. "Some of them might be involved in politics; some of them might be involved in human rights issues, which is the right of an individual to raise issues of human rights.  But that's normally interpreted by the government, I guess, as 'anti-government'."

Mamo says about 70 Andijan refugees remain in Osh.  And local activists¹⁵ say people continue to come in search of freedom. 

Kyrgyzstan, with Uzbekistan to the west

Rustam Mamazakirov is an attorney who represents Uzbeks seeking refugee status in Kyrgyzstan. "Today, those seeking refuge here are not so much tied to the events in Andijan as to the overall situation in Uzbekistan.  We know of pressure there against freedom of speech and religion.  So people seeking refuge come from all areas of Uzbekistan."

While the Uzbek government severely¹⁶ restricts ties among Uzbeks, it has not stopped them. People on both sides of the frontier find ways to continue what they say are ethnic bonds that predate any borders between them.