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美国学生历史 第171期:1860年的美国(1)

时间：2018-08-31 02:12:17

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（单词翻译）

 Chapter 35 The United States in 1860 第35章 1860年的美国

361. Growth of the Country. 361．国家的发展
The United States was now three times as large as it was at Jefferson’s election. 此时美国的领土是杰斐逊当选总统时的三倍，
It contained over three million square miles of land. 有300多万平方英里，
About one-third of this great area was settled. 在这一大片区域中三分之一已经有人居住；
In the sixty years of the century the population had increased even faster than the area had increased. 近60年来人口以前所未有的速度增长，
In 1800 there were five and a half million people living in the United States. 1800年美国有550万人，
In 1860 there were over thirty-one million people within its borders. 而1860年美国本土已经有3100万人口，
Of these nearly five millions were white immigrants. 这些人当中近500万人是白种人移民，
More than half of these immigrants had come in the last ten years, and they had practically all of them settled in the free states of the North. 而这些移民中半数以上是近10年才到来的。特别是，他们都居住在北方的三个自由州，
Of the whole population of thirty-one millions only twelve millions lived in the slave states, and of these more than four millions were negro slaves. 在全部3100万人口中仅仅1200万人生活在蓄奴州，这些奴隶中有400多万是黑奴。
362. Change of Political Power. 362．政治权力的变革
The control of Congress had now passed into the hands of the free states of the North. 现在国家政治权力转交给北方自由州的手中，
The majority of the Representatives had long been from the free states. 大多数代表都是来自自由州。
Now more Senators came from the North than from the South. 这时候来自北方的参议员在人数上超过来自南方的参议员，
This was due to the admission of new states. 这主要是由于接受一些新的州造成。
Texas (1845) was the last slave state to be admitted to the Union. 得克萨斯是最后一个被接受加入联邦的蓄奴州（1848年）。
Two years later the admission of Wisconsin gave the free states as many votes in the Senate as the slave states had. 两年后，威斯康星加入联邦使得自由州和蓄奴州的票数相同。

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0 admission 6Kuyx     
n.允许进入；承认；入场费，入会费，入场券
参考例句：
  • We attached a condition to his admission to our school.我们对准许他入校附加了一个条件。
  • By her own admission,she was responsible for the accident.她自己承认，事故应该由她负责。
0 admitted Az6zkA     
adj.被承认了的，公认的
参考例句：
  • Children unaccompanied by an adult will not be admitted. 儿童无成年人陪伴着不准入场。
  • He admitted he had done her wrong and asked for forgiveness. 他承认曾经冤枉她，并且请求原谅。
0 area NN4y8     
n.地区，区域，面积，方面
参考例句：
  • John is the london area manager.约翰是伦敦地区经理。
  • The farm covers a large area.这农场面积很大。
0 as pNiyL     
conj.按照；如同
参考例句：
  • He got work in a hotel as a waiter.他在一家旅馆找到了当服务生的工作。
  • In the hotel,the old men were drinking away as usual.在旅馆里，这些老人和往常一样喝个不停。
0 borders 2cc6b3e6c0d251abbe0b098b15038bb9     
n.边( border的名词复数 )；镶边；包边；边界
参考例句：
  • football fans whose support for their team borders on idolatry 对球队几乎到了盲目崇拜地步的足球迷
  • The country sealed its borders to prevent the influx of illegal immigrants. 为了防止非法移民大量湧入，该国封闭了边境。 来自《简明英汉词典》
0 came xTYyl     
v.动词come的过去式
参考例句：
  • I was surprised why he came here so early.他为什么那么早到这里，我很惊奇。
  • The doctor came in time to save his life.医生及时来抢救他的生命。
0 century jUSyd     
n.世纪；百年
参考例句：
  • As a writer, he really belongs to the 18 th century. 作为一个作家, 他的确属于18世纪。
  • We live in the 21st century.我们生活在二十一世纪。
0 change 6U0yB     
n.变化；零钱；vt.改变；更换；vi.变化；更换
参考例句：
  • You should change an idea.你应该换个思路。
  • Shall we change seats?咱们要不要交换座位？
0 Congress eY1y1     
n.(代表)大会；(C-:美国等国的)国会，议会
参考例句：
  • There were some days to wait before the Congress.大会的召开还有几天时间。
  • After 18 years in Congress,he intented to return to private life.在国会供职18年后，他打算告老还乡。
0 contained contained     
v.控制( contain的过去式和过去分词 )；克制；牵制；包含
参考例句：
  • She was not privy to any information contained in the letters. 她未获准接触那些信的内容。
  • Her father was a quiet self-contained man. 她父亲生前是个好静而独立自主的人。
0 control sZYy2     
n.控制，管理，克制，控制器，调节装置；vt.控制，操纵，抑制
参考例句：
  • He lost control of his bicycle and fell down.他因控制不住他的自行车而跌倒了。
  • That child is impossible to control.那孩子很难管。
0 country PzHx8     
adj.国家（的），农村（的）；n.国家
参考例句：
  • The south wind blows warm air across the country. 南风把温暖的空气吹遍全国。
  • We hope to move to the country in the near future.我们希望在不久的将来搬到乡下。
0 due hZDz7     
n.应得物；adj.预定的，应付的，到期的，应有的
参考例句：
  • I received nothing except what was due to me.除了我应得的东西，我并未接受任何东西。
  • The rocket is due to lift off at noon on Friday.火箭定于星期五中午发射。
0 election ujezm     
n.选举，选择权；当选
参考例句：
  • There is no doubt but that he will win the election.毫无疑问，他将在竞选中获胜。
  • The government will probably fall at the coming election.在即将到来的大选中，该政府很可能要垮台。
0 even EiUzR     
adj.平坦的，偶数的，相等的；adv.甚至，恰好，正当
参考例句：
  • It was cold yesterday,but it's even colder today. 昨天冷，今天更冷了。
  • He's the best teacher even though he has the least experience.尽管他经验最少，但教得最好。
0 faster 2twzJx     
adj.更快的；快的( fast的比较级 )；走得快；感光快的；[摄影术]快动作的（镜头）adv.更快地
参考例句：
  • According to the theory of relativity, nothing can travel faster than light. 根据相对论，任何东西都无法超越光速。
  • Mary bragged that she could run faster than Jack. 玛丽夸口说她比杰克跑得快。 来自《简明英汉词典》
0 free ziYxM     
adj.自由的，免费的；v.使自由；adv.随意地
参考例句：
  • I don't have much free time.我没有多少空闲时间。
  • There really is no free lunch.天下果然没有免费的午餐。
0 gave YgSxz     
vbl.（give的过去式）给予，产生，发表
参考例句：
  • He asked for money and I gave him some.他要钱，我给了他一些。
  • I gave you a map so you wouldn't get lost. 我给你一张地图，这样你就不会迷路了。
0 growth Heexz     
n.生长，栽培
参考例句：
  • All living things depend on the sun for their growth.万物靠太阳生长。
  • Youth is the time of physical growth.青年时期是长身体的时期。
0 had FeBxb     
vbl.have的过去式和过去分词；conj.有
参考例句：
  • I just had a good idea!我有个好主意！
  • The boy had a small branch of a tree in his hand.这个男孩手上拿一条小树枝。
0 half LemzT     
n./adj.半，一半，半个
参考例句：
  • Half of six is three.六的一半是三。
  • Half of the students go to school early.一半的学生上学早。
0 immigrants 5567ded20d0822e7a8dbcdb0836717a9     
n.移民( immigrant的名词复数 )
参考例句：
  • Illegal immigrants were given the opportunity to regularize their position. 非法移民得到了使其身份合法化的机会。
  • Immigrants from all over the world populate this city. 这个城市里生活着来自世界各地的移民。 来自《简明英汉词典》
0 increased 5qYz8b     
adj.增加的，增强的v.增加，增大，增多( increase的过去式和过去分词 )；增强，增进；[缝纫]放（针）；增强
参考例句：
  • increased tax on goods and services 增加了的商品及劳务税
  • The population has increased from 1.2 million to 1.8 million. 人口已从120万增加到了180万。
0 land o28xD     
n.陆地，国土，土地；v.登陆，登岸，卸货
参考例句：
  • Farmers work on the land.农民在土地上干活。
  • How long is it before we land?我们还有多长时间降落？
0 large W2JxL     
adj.大的，大量的，宽大的
参考例句：
  • How large is this room?这个房间有多大？
  • How large is your house?你家住房多大？
0 later vpyzAr     
adv.过后，后来；adj.以后的，更后的，较晚的
参考例句：
  • He didn't turn up until half an hour later.半小时后他才出现。
  • This part of the hospital was built on later.医院的这个部分是后来增建的。
0 lived e22864336bd8b265bcd2d0435462e1f4     
adj.有…之生命的v.活( live的过去式和过去分词 )；居住；以…为生；（按照规矩）管理生活
参考例句：
  • The monks lived a very ascetic life. 僧侣过着很清苦的生活。
  • They were very curious about the people who lived upstairs. 他们对住在楼上的人感到很好奇。
0 living bpPzW0     
adj.活的，活着的，现存的；逼真的，一模一样的；生活的，维持生活的；n.生活，生计
参考例句：
  • Nowadays it is very easy to earn a living.现今谋生很容易。
  • I'll never forget that as long as I am living.这事我至死也不会忘记。
0 long M01xN     
adj.长的
参考例句：
  • Summer is the season of long days.夏天是日长的季节。
  • Winter is the season of long nights.冬季是夜长的季节。
0 majority IAnxM     
n.大多数；过半数
参考例句：
  • He is elected by a majority of 40 votes against 10.他以40票对10票的大多数票当选。
  • He believes that his supporters are in the majority.他相信支持他的人占多数。
0 Miles aoczUD     
n.英里( mile的名词复数 )；很多；一英里赛跑；大面积
参考例句：
  • Eight kilometres is roughly equivalent to five miles. 八公里约等于五英里。
  • a fortress town enclosed by four miles of ramparts 由四英里长的城墙围着的设防城镇
0 million D7QzO     
num.百万，100万；n.无数，大众
参考例句：
  • I've seen it a million times.我在书上看过无数遍了。
  • What will you do if you had a million dollars?如果你有一百万美元，你会干什么？
0 millions dbe06ff4c910c39295673ca828a87fac     
n.数百万；百万( million的名词复数 )
参考例句：
  • a con man who bilked investors out of millions of dollars 诈取投资者几百万元的骗子
  • A small drop in the inflation rate was cold comfort for the millions without a job. 对数百万失业者来说，通货膨胀率的微降是不起作用的安慰。
0 nearly 5Gtxq     
adv.将近，几乎，差不多
参考例句：
  • I nearly missed the bus.我险些错过了公交车。
  • It is nearly two years since I came here.我来这儿快两年了。
0 Negro VGIxb     
n./adj.黑人；黑人的
参考例句：
  • It's impolite to call the black people Negro.称呼黑人为Negro是不礼貌的。
  • He was the first Negro ever to enroll there.他是学院招收的第一个黑人学生。
0 north wHSxf     
n./adj.北；北方（的）
参考例句：
  • I'm from the north of China.我来自中国的北方。
  • Canada lies to the north of the United States.加拿大在美国的北面。
0 only bIzxE     
adv.仅仅，只不过；adj.唯一的；conj.可是，不过
参考例句：
  • We have only one earth.我们只有一个地球。
  • I only found it by accident.我只是碰巧找到的。
0 passed 2m7zQM     
adj.已经通过的；已经过去的；考试及格的；（指红利）未及时发放的v.走过( pass的过去式和过去分词 )；通过；批准；度过
参考例句：
  • Administration costs are passed on to the customer. 行政费用转嫁给了消费者。
  • Jake's passed his exams. We're going out to celebrate. 杰克已通过考试，我们要外出庆祝一下。
0 people XMuxp     
n.人们，人；（the-）人民；一国人民，民族
参考例句：
  • Young people like popular music.年轻人喜欢流行音乐。
  • There are more than five billion people on earth.地球上有50多亿人口。
0 political g2dzY     
adj.政治上的，政党的，政略性的，政治的
参考例句：
  • He was forced to leave his homeland for political reasons.因为政治原因他被迫离开自己的祖国。
  • In ideas those two political parties are worlds apart.那两个政党在思想上有巨大分歧。
0 population YOyxU     
n.人口，人数
参考例句：
  • What is the population of london?伦敦的人口是多少？
  • China has a huge population.中国有众多的人口。
0 power FP9xe     
n.电力，动力；能力，力量，权力
参考例句：
  • He lost his power of speech.他失去了说话的能力。
  • It is not in my power to do that.做那事非我力所能及。
0 practically HPjxb     
adv.差不多；几乎；实际地，从实际角度
参考例句：
  • He solved the problem very practically.他很实事求是地解决了这个问题。
  • She's practically always late for school.她上学几乎总是迟到。
0 representatives 19494e3c8ec3eb3727139a254925cab1     
代表，典型的
参考例句：
  • The country is governed by elected representatives of the people. 这个国家由民选代表统治。
  • The representatives pronounced against the decision made at the conference. 代表们对会议作出的决定表示反对。
0 senate Litzs6     
n.参议院，上院
参考例句：
  • They feel deeply the honour of belonging to the Senate.他们为作为参议院的成员而深感荣幸。
  • His unsuccessful senate run was his last hurrah.这次失败的参议员竞选是他最后的尝试。
0 senators 1181a181f18e7836f23146bc18668881     
n.参议员( senator的名词复数 )
参考例句：
  • When the senators vote, the ayes will have it. 参议员投票时，投赞成票的人将占多数。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • The committee concluded that the senators had engaged in improper conduct. 委员会断定议员们从事了不正当活动。 来自《简明英汉词典》
0 settled 4iszma     
a.固定的；稳定的
参考例句：
  • The dispute was settled without acrimony. 没有唇枪舌剑，这场纠纷就解决了。
  • a settled way of life 安定的生活方式
0 sixty dxvwp     
num.六十
参考例句：
  • He can type sixty words within one minute.他一分钟内可以打六十个字。
  • One hour has sixty minutes.一个小时有六十分钟。
0 slave vxpwa     
n.奴隶，附件，卑鄙的人；vi.拼命工作
参考例句：
  • Don't be a slave to custom.不要做风俗习惯的奴隶。
  • Why should I slave away all my life!我为什么要辛辛苦苦地干一辈子呀！
0 slaves 4ac11da30d752d76b189d580aa4acb57     
n.奴隶( slave的名词复数 )；苦工；完全受（某事物）控制的人；完全依赖（某事物）的人v.奴隶般地工作，做苦工( slave的第三人称单数 )
参考例句：
  • Slaves were not emancipated until 1863 in the United States. 美国奴隶直到1863年才获得自由。
  • fashionistas who are slaves to the latest trends 被潮流牵着鼻子走的赶时髦者
0 south hwLwO     
n.南，南方
参考例句：
  • Are you from the south?你是南方人吗？
  • The house points to the south.那座房子面朝南。
0 square Cv3wV     
adj.正方形的；平方的；n.正方形；广场；v.求平方
参考例句：
  • This is the famous square.这是那个著名的广场。
  • A square has four corners.正方形有四个角。
0 state vuBwf     
n.州，国，情形；adj.国家的，州的，正式的；vt.说，陈述，声明，规定
参考例句：
  • I'm worried about her state of health.我担心她的身体状况。
  • Each state of the United States has a capital.美国每一个州都有一个首府。
0 states 34d955a0df5f7af9c9b4e4dccb3c3564     
国家( state的名词复数 )； 州； [the states][口语]美国； 心态
参考例句：
  • the assumed differences between the two states 两种状况的假定区别
  • He barnstormed across the southern states in an attempt to woo the voters. 他在南方各州作巡回演说，企图拉选票。
0 thirty-one thirty-one     
num.三十一
参考例句：
  • Does the month of December have thirty-one days?十二月有31天吗？
  • There is a teacher and thirty-one students in the classroom.教室里有一个老师和三十一个学生。
0 twelve Kl2wu     
num.十二，十二个
参考例句：
  • Ali is twelve years old today.阿里今天十二岁了。
  • Half of twelve is six.十二的一半是六。
0 union mkxwQ     
n.联合，合并，结合，联盟，协会
参考例句：
  • The President gave his speech on the state of the Union.总统发表了国情咨文演讲。
  • Even the union leaders hoped that the strike would die quietly. 甚至连工会领袖们都希望罢工会无声无息地结束。
0 united Yfmz2c     
adj.和谐的；团结的；联合的，统一的
参考例句：
  • The whole nation is closely united.全国人民紧密团结。
  • The two men were united by community of interests.共同的利益使两个人结合在一起。
0 votes dfa5be7e620204da91e72a33294e9798     
n.表决结果( vote的名词复数 )；投票总数
参考例句：
  • a blatant attempt to buy votes 公然的贿选企图
  • He spent the whole month canvassing for votes. 他花了整整一个月四处游说拉选票。
0 was bglwv     
v.(is,am的过去式)是，在
参考例句：
  • He said he was right.他说他是正确的。
  • He was cold and hungry.他又冷又饿。
0 white ngCwJ     
adj.白色的；苍白的；白种的；n.白色；白种人
参考例句：
  • I want the white one.我要那个白的。
  • Of all the colors,I love white best.在所有的颜色中，我最喜欢白色。
0 whole QgkwK     
adj.整整的；全部的；完整的
参考例句：
  • It snowed for two whole days.雪下了整整两天。
  • The whole village was sleeping.整个村庄一片寂静。
0 within 3fMwo     
n.内部，里头；adv.在内部，在内心里；prep.在…之内
参考例句：
  • The work must be done within the given time.这个工作必须在规定的时间内完成。
  • Within two weeks,she gained five pounds in weight.两周内她的体重增加了5磅。
0 years 75aeb98e5241592ad6a6c2c4c78a16ef     
n.年( year的名词复数 )；年纪；一年的期间；某年级的学生
参考例句：
  • She is still very active, in spite of her advancing years. 她尽管年事渐高，仍然十分活跃。
  • Travelling in Europe was something of an anticlimax after the years he'd spent in Africa. 他在非洲生活了多年，到欧洲旅行真是有点太平淡了。

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