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美国学生历史 第172期:1860年的美国(2)

时间：2018-08-31 02:12:32

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（单词翻译）

 In 1850 the admission of California gave the free states a majority of two votes in the Senate. 1850年加利福尼亚的加入使自由州的席位比蓄奴州多两个。

This majority was increased to four by the admission of Minnesota in 1858, and to six by the admission of Oregon in 1859. 1858年这个多数优势因为明尼苏达加入联邦而扩大到四个席位，1859年这个优势则因俄勒冈的加入而上升到六个席位，
The control of Congress had slipped forever from the grasp of the slave states. 对于国会的控制权现在已经滑落到自由州的掌握之中。
363. The Cities. 363．城市
The tremendous increase in manufacturing, in farming, and in trading brought about a great increase in foreign commerce. 制造业、农业及商业的巨大发展带来国外贸易大幅增长，
This in turn led to the building up of great cities in the North and the West. 这进而导致北方和西部大型城市的建设，
These were New York and Chicago; and they grew rapidly because they formed the two ends of the line of communication between the East and the West by the Mohawk Valley. 这些城市包括纽约和芝加哥，它们获得快速发展是因为摩霍克峡谷将东西部的交通连接起来，而纽约和芝加哥位于这个交通线的两端。
New York now contained over eight hundred thousand inhabitants. 此时的纽约有80多万人口，
It had more people within its limits than lived in the whole state of South Carolina. 纽约州的居民比整个南卡罗莱纳州的人还要多。
The most rapid growth was seen in the case of Chicago. 最快的增长是在芝加哥，
In 1840 there were only five thousand people in that city; it now contained one hundred and nine thousand inhabitants. 1840年这座城市只有5000人，现在则有10.9万人。
Cincinnati and St. Louis, each with one hundred and sixty thousand, were still the largest cities of the West, and St. Louis was the largest city in any slave state. 辛辛那提和圣路易斯分别都有16万人，它们仍然是西部最大的城市，而圣路易斯是所有蓄奴州中最大的城市；
New Orleans, with nearly as many people as St. Louis, was the only large city in the South. 新奥尔良几乎与圣路易斯的人口一样多，它是南方唯一的大城市。

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0 admission 6Kuyx     
n.允许进入；承认；入场费，入会费，入场券
参考例句：
  • We attached a condition to his admission to our school.我们对准许他入校附加了一个条件。
  • By her own admission,she was responsible for the accident.她自己承认，事故应该由她负责。
0 any rMyy5     
adj.任何的；所有的
参考例句：
  • I don't have any hobbies.我没有任何的爱好。
  • It isn't any use.它任何用途都没有。
0 as pNiyL     
conj.按照；如同
参考例句：
  • He got work in a hotel as a waiter.他在一家旅馆找到了当服务生的工作。
  • In the hotel,the old men were drinking away as usual.在旅馆里，这些老人和往常一样喝个不停。
0 because EQXyl     
conj.由于，因为
参考例句：
  • Because his car is old.因为他的汽车旧了。
  • He was late because of an accident.他是因事故而迟到的。
0 between qQUyN     
prep.在…之间，在(两者)之间；adv.在中间
参考例句：
  • God will judge between you and me.上帝会在你我之间作出裁决。
  • I will come between twelve and one o'clock.我会在12点至1点之间来。
0 brought 2SMyf     
vbl.bring的过去式和过去分词
参考例句：
  • He brought a new book with him.他带来一本新书。
  • I brought you your shirt.我带来了你的衬衣。
0 building fxGzAJ     
n.建筑物，大楼；建筑
参考例句：
  • What's your favourite building?你最喜欢什么建筑物？
  • It's a fine building.这所房子真漂亮。
0 California FxizMX     
n.加利福尼亚(美国)
参考例句：
  • He was elected governor of the state of California.他当选为加州州长。
  • We were driving on a California freeway.我们正沿着加利福尼亚的一条快车道驾车行驶。
0 case UOEzy     
n.箱，盒，橱；事；病例；案例；情形
参考例句：
  • I'll take your case.我将接你的案子。
  • This is a case of fever.这是一发烧的病例。
0 Chicago 7wmzao     
n.芝加哥(美国中部城市)
参考例句：
  • She has never been to a big city other than Chicago.除芝加哥外她没有去过别的大城市。
  • We must change at the next station for Chicago.我们得在下一站换车去芝加哥。
0 cities a66b311547bf3da88f01139271d5bb50     
n.城市( city的名词复数 )；全市居民；（由国王或女王授予特权，通常有大教堂的）特许市；（由政府授予特权的）特权市
参考例句：
  • recent bombings in major cities 近期发生在大城市的投放炸弹事件
  • The bulk of the population lives in cities. 大多数人口居住在城市里。
0 city rVdyB     
n.市；城市；都市
参考例句：
  • Taipei city is an international city.台北市是国际都市。
  • Do you like living in the city?你喜欢住在都市里吗？
0 commerce yOmz8     
n.商业，贸易；社交
参考例句：
  • Commerce binds the two countries together.贸易把这两国结合在一起。
  • They drew up plans aimed at expanding commerce.他们拟定了发展商业的计划。
0 communication uX0yl     
n.交流；通讯；通信
参考例句：
  • English is a tool for communication.英语是交流之工具。
  • Language is an instrument for communication.语言是交际的手段。
0 Congress eY1y1     
n.(代表)大会；(C-:美国等国的)国会，议会
参考例句：
  • There were some days to wait before the Congress.大会的召开还有几天时间。
  • After 18 years in Congress,he intented to return to private life.在国会供职18年后，他打算告老还乡。
0 contained contained     
v.控制( contain的过去式和过去分词 )；克制；牵制；包含
参考例句：
  • She was not privy to any information contained in the letters. 她未获准接触那些信的内容。
  • Her father was a quiet self-contained man. 她父亲生前是个好静而独立自主的人。
0 control sZYy2     
n.控制，管理，克制，控制器，调节装置；vt.控制，操纵，抑制
参考例句：
  • He lost control of his bicycle and fell down.他因控制不住他的自行车而跌倒了。
  • That child is impossible to control.那孩子很难管。
0 each yrNxG     
adj.每个，每，每一；adv.每个；int.每个，个人，个自
参考例句：
  • Each boy has a textbook.每个男孩都有课本。
  • Each child brought a little present to the mother.每个孩子给母亲带来一件小礼物。
0 east irhxO     
n.东，东方；adj.东方的
参考例句：
  • The sun is rising from the east.太阳正从东方升起。
  • Japan lies to the east of China.日本在中国的东面。
0 farming ituzIo     
n.农事；耕作
参考例句：
  • He lives by farming.他靠务农过活。
  • He is farming in Africa.他在非洲经营农场。
0 foreign AiVxr     
adj.外国的；在外国的；来自外国的
参考例句：
  • Are you interested in foreign languages? 你对外语感兴趣吗？
  • To welcome our foreign friends. 欢迎我们的外国朋友。
0 forever ai8xi     
adv.(=for ever)永远；总是
参考例句：
  • Teacher is powerful in a child's eyes forever.老师在孩子们的心中永远是强者。
  • You can't depend on your parents forever.你不能永远依赖你父母。
0 formed formed     
adj.成形的，成形加工的v.形成，构成，产生( form的过去式和过去分词 )；是；（使）成形；结成（友谊）
参考例句：
  • The poor suburbs traditionally formed the bedrock of the party's support. 贫穷的郊区在传统上构成了支持该党的牢固基础。
  • A few cushions formed a makeshift bed. 临时用几个垫子拼了一张床。
0 free ziYxM     
adj.自由的，免费的；v.使自由；adv.随意地
参考例句：
  • I don't have much free time.我没有多少空闲时间。
  • There really is no free lunch.天下果然没有免费的午餐。
0 gave YgSxz     
vbl.（give的过去式）给予，产生，发表
参考例句：
  • He asked for money and I gave him some.他要钱，我给了他一些。
  • I gave you a map so you wouldn't get lost. 我给你一张地图，这样你就不会迷路了。
0 grasp m6SyQ     
n.把握，抓紧，抓，柄，控制，理解；vt.抓住，紧握，领会；vi.抓
参考例句：
  • Don't want to grasp my hand!不要抓我的手啊！
  • I can't grasp this maths question.我不理解这道数学题。
0 grew nfBxP     
v.种植( grow的过去式 )；扩大；扩展；增加
参考例句：
  • Her hair gradually coarsened as she grew older. 随着年龄的增长，她的头发逐渐变粗糙了。
  • The prisoners grew increasingly desperate. 犯人因绝望而越来越胆大妄为。
0 growth Heexz     
n.生长，栽培
参考例句：
  • All living things depend on the sun for their growth.万物靠太阳生长。
  • Youth is the time of physical growth.青年时期是长身体的时期。
0 had FeBxb     
vbl.have的过去式和过去分词；conj.有
参考例句：
  • I just had a good idea!我有个好主意！
  • The boy had a small branch of a tree in his hand.这个男孩手上拿一条小树枝。
0 hundred ncsxZ     
num.百，一百；（pl.）许多；adj.一百的；许多
参考例句：
  • One hundred centimeters make one meter.一百厘米等于一米。
  • I want some hundred dollar notes.我想要一些百元纸币。
0 increase 48Ox9     
n.增加，增强，提高；v.增加，提高
参考例句：
  • The increase has now slowed down.增长的速度现已减缓。
  • We had better increase the amount.我们最好把数量再增加一些。
0 increased 5qYz8b     
adj.增加的，增强的v.增加，增大，增多( increase的过去式和过去分词 )；增强，增进；[缝纫]放（针）；增强
参考例句：
  • increased tax on goods and services 增加了的商品及劳务税
  • The population has increased from 1.2 million to 1.8 million. 人口已从120万增加到了180万。
0 inhabitants 6eb6d6460929f7d134fcd4e49c02ddde     
n.居民，住户， （栖息在某地区的）动物( inhabitant的名词复数 )
参考例句：
  • They set fire to the city and massacred all the inhabitants. 他们放火烧了这座城市，而且屠杀了所有的居民。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • He quartered his men on the inhabitants in the town. 他把他的部队安置在镇上的居民家中。 来自《简明英汉词典》
0 large W2JxL     
adj.大的，大量的，宽大的
参考例句：
  • How large is this room?这个房间有多大？
  • How large is your house?你家住房多大？
0 largest Opcz1k     
adj.大的，多量的；大的( large的最高级 )；大规模的；众多的；（服装、食物、日用品等）大型号的
参考例句：
  • the largest computer company in the world 全球最大的计算机公司
  • The largest contingent was from the United States. 最大的会议代表团来自美国。
0 led P1Kxl     
(light emitting diode)发光二极管
参考例句：
  • Sony has also been working on ever-thinner technology,demonstrating a flexible full-color organic LED display.索尼也在研究轻薄显示技术，并展示了一种柔性全彩有机发光二极管显示器。
0 limits     
n.境界( limit的名词复数 )；界限；限度；限额
参考例句：
  • The site is off-limits to the general public. 这个场所不对公众开放。
  • Towards the city limits the houses begin to thin out. 靠近城市尽头的地方房屋渐渐稀少起来。 来自《简明英汉词典》
0 line P0Mxt     
n.线；排，行
参考例句：
  • The railway line will soon reach to our town.铁路不久就要延伸到我们镇了。
  • There is a long line at the copy room.复印室里排了好多人。
0 lived e22864336bd8b265bcd2d0435462e1f4     
adj.有…之生命的v.活( live的过去式和过去分词 )；居住；以…为生；（按照规矩）管理生活
参考例句：
  • The monks lived a very ascetic life. 僧侣过着很清苦的生活。
  • They were very curious about the people who lived upstairs. 他们对住在楼上的人感到很好奇。
0 majority IAnxM     
n.大多数；过半数
参考例句：
  • He is elected by a majority of 40 votes against 10.他以40票对10票的大多数票当选。
  • He believes that his supporters are in the majority.他相信支持他的人占多数。
0 manufacturing 5oszaV     
n.制造业，工业adj.制造业的，制造的v.（大规模）制造( manufacture的现在分词 )；捏造；加工；粗制滥造（文学作品）
参考例句：
  • The entire manufacturing process has been automated. 整个生产过程已自动化。
  • Manufacturing processes may be affected by the functionality of the product. 生产过程可能要受到产品设计目的的影响。
0 most 9nczju     
adj.最多的（many，much的最高级）
参考例句：
  • Most students like pop songs.大多数学生喜欢流行歌曲。
  • Math is the most difficult.数学是最难的。
0 nearly 5Gtxq     
adv.将近，几乎，差不多
参考例句：
  • I nearly missed the bus.我险些错过了公交车。
  • It is nearly two years since I came here.我来这儿快两年了。
0 north wHSxf     
n./adj.北；北方（的）
参考例句：
  • I'm from the north of China.我来自中国的北方。
  • Canada lies to the north of the United States.加拿大在美国的北面。
0 only bIzxE     
adv.仅仅，只不过；adj.唯一的；conj.可是，不过
参考例句：
  • We have only one earth.我们只有一个地球。
  • I only found it by accident.我只是碰巧找到的。
0 people XMuxp     
n.人们，人；（the-）人民；一国人民，民族
参考例句：
  • Young people like popular music.年轻人喜欢流行音乐。
  • There are more than five billion people on earth.地球上有50多亿人口。
0 rapid pAnzg     
adj.迅速的，急促的；n.急流
参考例句：
  • She had a strong will and power of rapid decision.她具有坚强的意志和速决的才能。
  • He has made rapid progress in his studies.他在学业上有着迅速的进步。
0 rapidly lk5zCZ     
adv.快地，迅速地
参考例句：
  • The company has grown rapidly in the last five years.这家公司近五年来迅速地发展壮大。
  • Ice changes into water rapidly on a hot day.天气炎热的时候，冰很快就化为水。
0 seen ujyzZX     
vbl.(see的过去分词)看见
参考例句：
  • Since I left college, I have not seen him.自从我离开大学以后，就没有见过他了。
  • I hope to have seen the film next week.我希望下星期能看到这部电影。
0 senate Litzs6     
n.参议院，上院
参考例句：
  • They feel deeply the honour of belonging to the Senate.他们为作为参议院的成员而深感荣幸。
  • His unsuccessful senate run was his last hurrah.这次失败的参议员竞选是他最后的尝试。
0 sixty dxvwp     
num.六十
参考例句：
  • He can type sixty words within one minute.他一分钟内可以打六十个字。
  • One hour has sixty minutes.一个小时有六十分钟。
0 slave vxpwa     
n.奴隶，附件，卑鄙的人；vi.拼命工作
参考例句：
  • Don't be a slave to custom.不要做风俗习惯的奴隶。
  • Why should I slave away all my life!我为什么要辛辛苦苦地干一辈子呀！
0 slipped 4c5c6d788245d18d7f659f5aeaa435f3     
adj.打滑，打滑的v.滑( slip的过去式和过去分词 )；滑脱；下降；（健康状况等）变差
参考例句：
  • She had slipped and badly bruised her face. 她滑了一跤，摔得鼻青脸肿。
  • The climber slipped and dropped to his death. 攀登者一失足掉下去摔死了。
0 south hwLwO     
n.南，南方
参考例句：
  • Are you from the south?你是南方人吗？
  • The house points to the south.那座房子面朝南。
0 state vuBwf     
n.州，国，情形；adj.国家的，州的，正式的；vt.说，陈述，声明，规定
参考例句：
  • I'm worried about her state of health.我担心她的身体状况。
  • Each state of the United States has a capital.美国每一个州都有一个首府。
0 states 34d955a0df5f7af9c9b4e4dccb3c3564     
国家( state的名词复数 )； 州； [the states][口语]美国； 心态
参考例句：
  • the assumed differences between the two states 两种状况的假定区别
  • He barnstormed across the southern states in an attempt to woo the voters. 他在南方各州作巡回演说，企图拉选票。
0 still CuMwK     
adj.静止的，寂静的；adv.还，仍然；更；安静地
参考例句：
  • I'm still not interested.我还是不感兴趣。
  • I still remember his face.我仍然记得他的面容。
0 thousand 6ojwe     
num./n./a.一千；（pl.）许许多多，成千上万
参考例句：
  • How many hundreds are there in a thousand?一千里有多少个一百？
  • The college has five thousand teachers and students in all.该校共有师生5千人。
0 trading ogYzTd     
n.贸易；买卖；交易；股票交易adj.贸易的，交易的v.交易，经商( trade的现在分词 )；交换；经营…交易，做…的买卖
参考例句：
  • trading in foreign currencies 买卖外汇
  • Cash income is calculated by subtracting total trading income from total receipts. 现金收入是从总收入中减去总贸易收入来计算的。 来自《简明英汉词典》
0 tremendous EmFwh     
adj.巨大的，极大的；很好的，非常好的
参考例句：
  • This book was the outcome of a tremendous amount of scientific work.这本书是大量科学研究工作的成果。
  • There is a tremendous difference between them.他们之间有着极大的差别。
0 turn rKSzi     
v.（使）转动，(使)旋转；（使）变化；n.一次机会
参考例句：
  • Turn left and go straight on.左转弯然后笔直走。
  • It's your turn to be on duty tomorrow.明天轮到你值日了。
0 valley Ai8wk     
adj.流域，山谷，峡谷；n.山谷，溪谷
参考例句：
  • I watched the climbers come down into the valley.我注视着爬山者下到山谷里去了。
  • The house lies in a little valley behind the trees.那所房子坐落在树林后的一个山谷里。
0 votes dfa5be7e620204da91e72a33294e9798     
n.表决结果( vote的名词复数 )；投票总数
参考例句：
  • a blatant attempt to buy votes 公然的贿选企图
  • He spent the whole month canvassing for votes. 他花了整整一个月四处游说拉选票。
0 was bglwv     
v.(is,am的过去式)是，在
参考例句：
  • He said he was right.他说他是正确的。
  • He was cold and hungry.他又冷又饿。
0 west pgyw4     
n.西；西方
参考例句：
  • The sun was dropping toward the west.太阳正向西边落下。
  • Wales lies on the west of England.威尔士位于英格兰的西面。
0 whole QgkwK     
adj.整整的；全部的；完整的
参考例句：
  • It snowed for two whole days.雪下了整整两天。
  • The whole village was sleeping.整个村庄一片寂静。
0 within 3fMwo     
n.内部，里头；adv.在内部，在内心里；prep.在…之内
参考例句：
  • The work must be done within the given time.这个工作必须在规定的时间内完成。
  • Within two weeks,she gained five pounds in weight.两周内她的体重增加了5磅。

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