英语听力精选进阶版 14478

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Researchers explain goalkeepers' mistake

Goalkeepers are lucky because strikers aren't aware of statistics, say researchers

Summary

1 August 2014

Goalkeepers facing penalty shootouts make a predictable mistake that could influence the outcome, say researchers. Psychologists who analysed World Cups and European championships over 36 years found that after three kicks in the same direction, the keepers were more likely to throw themselves the opposite way. The research has been published in the journal Current Biology.

Reporter:

Matt McGrath

Report

If a tossed coin comes up 'heads', ten times in a row, is it more or less likely to show 'tails' on the next throw? 

If you think it must be tails, you are falling for the gambler's fallacy, the idea that sequences of results are connected. And you're not alone. 

Some of the world's top goalkeepers are prone¹ to making the same mistake. 

Researchers from University College London analysed videos of penalty shootouts at every World Cup since 1976. They found that after three kicks in a row towards the same side of the goal, on the next shot the goalkeeper dived for the opposite side 69% of the time. 

This small but statistically² significant pattern could be enough to win shootouts. But so far the goalkeepers have been lucky. Penalty takers are under such pressure to score, they've failed to notice and take advantage of the flaw.