英语听力文摘 English Digest 707 人类为什么没有斑点或条纹？

（单词翻译）

Why Don’t Humans Have Spots Or Stripes?

Have you ever wondered why we humans don’t have spots or stripes? Well, maybe you haven’t, but it is interesting that so many creatures are multicolored but we are not.

Melanin Pigments¹

Humans and animals get their skin color from melanin pigments, which can be either black or yellow. Together, these two pigments account for just about every color you might see on the skin of mammals: white, red, yellow, brown, and black and every shade in between.

The skin cells that produce melanin are known as melanocytes. In the embryos² of mammals, the melanocytes originate from the same group of cells that produces the spinal³ cord and the brain. From there, these cells migrate through the developing skin towards the belly⁴ of the animal.

Streaks⁵ and Stripes

If the melanocytes that produce dark pigments and light pigments migrate in streaks, you end up with stripes. The same goes for spots, but in this case, only random⁶ patches of certain pigments survive. In either case, the migration⁷ pattern is genetically⁸ determined⁹.

For certain species, like zebras, stripes provided an evolutionary¹⁰ advantage because they worked as camouflage¹¹. Those animals with stripes were more likely to survive, and to pass along the genes¹² that produce stripes to their offspring. For humans, this apparently¹³ wasn’t the case. However, it’s likely that our overall skin color probably is a result of adaptation as well.