美国国家公共电台 NPR--15th century manuscript offers insight into medieval live comedy show

（单词翻译）

15th century manuscript offers insight into medieval live comedy show

Transcript¹

A new study about a medieval tome includes the comedy script of an unnamed traveling entertainer, known as a minstrel, and provides a direct glimpse into the oral tradition of English minstrel acts.

STEVE INSKEEP, HOST:

Let's hear a snippet from a 15th-century comedy act.

JAMES WADE²: If thou have a great black bowl in thy hand and it be full of good ale and thou leave anything therein, thou puttest thy soul into greater pain (ph).

INSKEEP: James Wade of Cambridge University is there reading a mock religious sermon to thee. In case thou wondered, that mock sermon was part of an actual performance in the 1400s by a traveling entertainer known as a minstrel.

MICHEL MARTIN, HOST:

We know this because someone in the audience took notes, and Wade, who studies medieval literature, found them in an old manuscript.

WADE: What really struck me was a signature line that said, by me, Richard Heege, because I was at that feast and did not have a drink, the joke being that he was at a feast the night before. Everyone else was drunk. He was the only one sober enough to remember it, and therefore, he could write it down.

INSKEEP: Wade recently published a study of the "Heege Manuscript" and says it's the closest thing we have to a minstrel's own notes. Now we know some of the topics that one of them used in a set.

WADE: There are three texts. One is what we now call a burlesque³ romance. So it's a narrative⁴ account of a bunch of peasants who try to hunt a hare, and it all ends disastrously⁵, where they beat each other up and the wives have to come with wheelbarrows and hold them home. The second text is a mock sermon, and then, finally, a nonsense poem which imagines a feast in which various absurdities⁶ happen, and everyone gets too drunk, and it all ends badly.

MARTIN: Wade finds the similarities with comedy today striking.

WADE: A common way to make people laugh is you take people in authority - politicians, celebrities⁷, in this case priests - and you make them seem ridiculous. Another way to make people laugh is you take things that should be private and you make them public. So typically, we're talking about things that happen either in the bedroom or the bathroom. So we see these kind of techniques that apparently⁸ have a very long history.

INSKEEP: The "Heege Manuscript" also shows us another old trope used by the minstrel - tales of a killer⁹ rabbit.

WADE: The premise¹⁰ is that it turns the world upside down. Rather than having humans and dogs hunting rabbits, you have rabbits hunting humans. That's the joke.

MARTIN: So we knew that the '70s movie "Monty Python And The Holy Grail" is a classic, but we didn't know how classic.

(SOUNDBITE OF FILM, "MONTY PYTHON AND THE HOLY GRAIL")

GRAHAM CHAPMAN: (As King Arthur) You silly sod.

JOHN CLEESE: (As Tim the Enchanter) What?

CHAPMAN: (As King Arthur) You got us all worked up.

CLEESE: (As Tim the Enchanter) Well, that's no ordinary rabbit. That's the most foul¹¹, cruel and bad-tempered¹² rodent¹³ you ever set eyes on.

MARTIN: Still works, kind of.

(SOUNDBITE OF THE HENRICIAN CONSORT'S "MONTARD BRAWLE")