英语名篇诵读 劳动与人

（单词翻译）

Work and Man

劳动与人

Erich Fromm(埃里希·弗罗姆)

Unless man exploits others, he has to work in order to live. However primitive¹ and simple his method of work may be, by the very fact of production, he has risen above the animal kingdom ; rightly has he been defined as “the animal that produces.” But work is not only an inescapable necessity for man. Work is also his liberator² from nature, his creator as a social and independent being. In the process of work, that is, the molding and changing of nature outside of himself, man molds and changes himself. He emerges from nature by mastering her; he develops his powers of co-operation, of reason, his sense of beauty. He separates himself from nature, from the original unity³ with her, but at the same time unites himself with her again as her master and builder. The more his work develops, the more his individuality develops. In molding nature and re-creating her, he learns to make use of his powers, increasing his skill and creativeness.

除非能剥削他人，人得劳动以求生存。无论他的劳动方式多么简单原始，就生产劳动这一事实而言，人在动物界独占鳌头，被恰当地定义为“会生产的动物”。劳动对于人，不仅是一种不可逃避的必需，而且还把人从自然中解放出来，使之成为社会的独立个体。人在劳动过程中，在塑造和改造自己的过程中，也塑造并改造了自己。人通过主宰自然，从自然中脱颖而出，发展了协作能力，健全了理性，培养了美感。他把自己同自然分离开来，同与自然原先的一体性分开，但同时又以自然的主人和建设者的关系重新同自然融为一体。人的劳动技能越发达，他的个性就越彰显。在塑造自然和创造自然的过程中，人学会了利用自己的能力，提高技艺，发挥出创造力。