啦啦队的由来及发展过程

（单词翻译）

12 啦啦队的由来及发展过程

DATE=3-9-2001
TITLE=AMERICAN MOSAIC¹ #808 - Cheerleading
BYLINE=Nancy Steinbach
 
HOST:
(Start at 1'01") (1)Cheerleaders are part of (2)athletic² competitions throughout the United States. They lead the crowd in cheering for the team it likes best.
((CUT 1: CROWD CHEERING))
Twenty years ago, the purpose of cheerleading was to support a sports team. That is changing. Shep O'Neal tells us how cheerleading is developing into a sport of its own.
ANNCR:
The first organized American sports cheer was created at (3)Princeton University in the Eighteen-Sixties. But organized cheerleading did not begin until Eighteen-Ninety-Eight. That was when a student stood in front of a crowd at a game and led them in cheering for their team. That first cheerleader was Johnny Campbell at the University of (4)Minnesota.
The University of Minnesota also led the movement to make cheerleading a sport. In the Nineteen-Twenties, its cheerleaders began including (5)gymnastic movements in their cheers. This helped cheerleaders become known for their (6)athletic ability. And cheerleading became more interesting to watch.
Most cheerleaders in the early years were men. That changed during World War Two, when large numbers of young men left the country to fight. From that time on, more than ninety percent of cheerleaders have been female³.
Cheerleading quickly spread from colleges to high schools. Today most American high schools include cheerleading among their student athletic activities. Thirty percent of the high school teams enter cheerleading competitions. These cheerleaders must be in good physical (7)condition. They must be able to jump high, turn circles in the air and lift each other. Some teams train all year long. As many as twenty-thousand girls attend cheerleading camps in the summer to improve their skills and learn new moves.
Some people say cheerleading is not a sport because it does not have (8)unified rules. Rules for competitions among cheerleading teams are different depending on the group organizing the (9)contest. Experts do agree, however, that cheerleading is an athletic activity requiring physical skill. They also agree that cheerleaders add to the excitement of an athletic event.

                           外国留学生系列(25):关于宿舍生活

DATE=3-9-2001
TITLE=AMERICAN MOSAIC #808 - Foreign Student Series: Part 25, Dormitory Living BYLINE=Nancy Steinbach
 
HOST:
(start at 4'33") Our VOA listener question this week comes in an e-mail from (10)Mongolia. A listener there asks about foreign students living in college (11)dormitories, also called "dorms" or residence⁴ (12)halls.
Most American colleges permit foreign students to choose whether they will live in a dorm or in housing⁵ that is not owned by the university. Many foreign students say the dorms are cheaper than (13)apartments. They say dorms offer quiet study areas and rooms for social activities or sports. They say dorms are close to places they go every day, like the library, computer center and classrooms. They also say that living in the dorm provides the best chance to get to know other students.
Dormitories may house as few as twelve students or as many as one-thousand. Some dormitories are organized into areas called (14)suites⁷. Suites have several (15)bedrooms, a large living area and a bathroom. Six or more people may live in one suite⁶. Other dorms have many rooms along a hallway. Two students usually live in each room. On each floor of the dorm is a large bathroom for all the students who live on that floor. Sometimes there is also a (16)kitchen for preparing food.
In most universities, males and females⁸ live in the same dorm. They may even live on the same floor. But they usually may not live in the same room or suite. Most universities do have some separate dorms for men and women. They may also have special dorms that do not permit smoking or require all students to speak a foreign language.
Ed Spencer is the Chief Housing Officer at the Virginia (17)Polytechnic Institute and State University in Blacksburg, Virginia. Mister⁹ Spencer says many American universities are willing to change some policies so foreign students are happy living in the dorms. For example, he says Virginia Tech changed its policy banning (18)candles in the dorms so that foreign students could hold (19)ceremonies that require burning candles.
Mister Spencer says foreign students should ask university officials questions before deciding where to live. For example: Does the university provide special kinds of food the student may require? Will the university provide a single room if the student prefers not to live so closely¹⁰ with others? Do any of the dorms have (20)private bathing areas? Mister Spencer says it is important for all students to understand the (21)rules of the building in which they live.

                        简介格莱美奖得主艾米美

DATE=3-9-2001
TITLE=AMERICAN MOSAIC #808 - Aimee Mann
BYLINE=Nancy Steinbach

        HOST:
(start at 8'29") Aimee Mann is an American singer and songwriter. She has been a member of a (22)rock group. And she has been (23)nominated¹¹ for Grammy and Academy¹² awards. Shirley Griffith tells us about her.
ANNCR:
Aimee Mann is forty years old. She grew up in Richmond, Virginia. She studied at the Berklee College of Music in Boston, (24)Massachusetts.
Aimee Mann was a member of the group ‘Til Tuesday during the Nineteen-Eighties. Their hit song was called "Voices Carry."
((CUT 1: VOICES CARRY))
‘Til Tuesday broke up and Aimee Mann began recording¹³ alone. She recorded two folk music (25)albums. Critics liked them. But the albums did not sell many copies. Aimee Mann decided¹⁴ to form her own record company. Her first independent album is called "(26)Bachelor Number Two." It has sold at least one-hundred-fifty-thousand copies. Here is a song from that album, "Nothing Is Good Enough."
((CUT 2: NOTHING IS GOOD ENOUGH))
Last year, Aimee Mann was nominated for an Academy Award for music she wrote for the movie "(27)Magnolia." Her music from that movie was also nominated for three Grammy awards this year. We leave you now with Aimee Mann singing one of the songs she wrote for that (28)movie, "Save Me."

(1) 　　cheerleader n.啦啦队队长
(2) 　　athletic[ AW5letik ]adj.运动的
(3) Princeton[ 5prinstEn ]n.普林斯顿
(4) Minnesota[ 7mini5sEutE ]n.明尼苏达州(美国州名)
(5) gymnastic[ dVim5nAstik ]adj.体操的, 体育的n.训练课程
(6) athletic[ AW5letik ]adj.运动的
(7) condition[ kEn5diFEn ]n.条件, 情形, 环境, 社会地位vt.以...为条件, 使达到要求的情况
(8) unified[ 5ju:nifaid ]统一的, 统一标准的, 一元化的
(9) contest[ 5kCntest ]n.论争, 竞赛v.,争论, 争辩, 竞赛, 争夺
(10) Mongolia[ mCN5^EuljE ]n.蒙古
(11) dormitory[ 5dC:mitri ]n.宿舍
(12) hall[ hC:l ]n.会堂, 礼堂, 大厅, 走廊, 门厅
(13) apartment[ E5pB:tmEnt ]n.<美>公寓住宅, 单元住宅, 房间
(14) suite[ swi:t ]n.(一批)随员, (一套)家具, 套房, 套, 组, 组曲
(15) bedroom[ 5bedrum ]n.卧室
(16) kitchen[ 5kitFin ]n.厨房, 炊具, 炊事人员
(17) polytechnic[ 7pCli5teknik ]adj.工艺的n.工艺学校
(18) candle[ 5kAndl ]n.蜡烛vt.对着光检查
(19) ceremony[ 5serimEni ]n.典礼, 仪式, 礼节, 报幕员
(20) private[ 5praivit ]adj.私人的, 私有的, 私营的, 秘密的n.士兵
(21) rule[ ru:l ]n.规则, 惯例, 统治, 章程, 破折号, 准则, 标准, 控制vt.规定, 统治, 支配，
(22) rock[ rCk ]n.岩石, 暗礁, 石头, 摇动,摇滚乐
(23) nominate[ 5nCmineit ]vt.提名, 推荐, 任命, 命名
(24) Massachusetts[ 7mAsE5tFu:sits ]n.麻萨诸塞州
(25) album[ 5AlbEm ]n.集邮本, 照相簿, 签名纪念册
(26) bachelor[ 5bAtFElE ]n.单身汉, 文理学士, 幼雄兽
(27) magnolia[ mA^5nEuliE ]n.木兰, 玉兰类的植物
(28) movie[ 5mu:vi ]n.电影