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(单词翻译)
This is Scientific American’s 60-Second Science. I’m Karen Hopkin. This will just take a minute.
Those of you following the World Cup know that at this stage there can be no more draws. Ties are broken during overtime1 play, or in a penalty kick shootout in which a goalkeeper’s ability to anticipate the ball’s flight can mean the difference between victory and elimination2. Now, scientists at Rensselaer Polytechnic3 Institute have discovered how a kicker’s body can betray whether he’s aiming left or right.
In a penalty shot, it’s kicker versus4 goalkeeper. And with the shooter standing5 just 12 yards from the goal, that ball can touch net in about half a second. That’s faster than a keeper can launch himself from the goal’s center to either post. Which means that a goalkeeper has to start moving before the kicker’s foot meets the ball. And he has to guess correctly which way to dive.
To figure out how good goalies might up their odds6, scientists attached motion detectors7 to college-level penalty kickers. And they found a handful of indicators8 that reliably predict kick direction, such as the angle of the kicker’s hips9 and how he plants his supporting foot.
Good goalies may be able to read those subtle cues. Meaning that they use their hands, and their heads.
Thanks for the minute for Scientific American’s 60-Second Science. I’m Karen Hopkin.
1 overtime | |
adj.超时的,加班的;adv.加班地 | |
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2 elimination | |
n.排除,消除,消灭 | |
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3 polytechnic | |
adj.各种工艺的,综合技术的;n.工艺(专科)学校;理工(专科)学校 | |
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4 versus | |
prep.以…为对手,对;与…相比之下 | |
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5 standing | |
n.持续,地位;adj.永久的,不动的,直立的,不流动的 | |
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6 odds | |
n.让步,机率,可能性,比率;胜败优劣之别 | |
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7 detectors | |
探测器( detector的名词复数 ) | |
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8 indicators | |
(仪器上显示温度、压力、耗油量等的)指针( indicator的名词复数 ); 指示物; (车辆上的)转弯指示灯; 指示信号 | |
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9 hips | |
abbr.high impact polystyrene 高冲击强度聚苯乙烯,耐冲性聚苯乙烯n.臀部( hip的名词复数 );[建筑学]屋脊;臀围(尺寸);臀部…的 | |
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