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(单词翻译)
Lesson 23 The Stuff of Dreams 说梦话的本质
It is fairly clear that the sleeping period must have some function, and because there is so much of it the function would seem to be important. Speculations2 about its nature have been going on for literally3 thousands of years, and one odd finding that makes the problem puzzling is that it looks very much as if sleeping is not simply a matter of giving the body a rest.' Rest ', in terms of muscle relaxation4 and so on, can be achieved by a brief period lying, or even sitting down. The body's tissues are self-repairing and self-restoring to a degree, and function best when more or less continuously active. In fact a basic amount of movement occurs during sleep which is specifically concerned with preventing muscle inactivity.
If it is not a question of resting the body, then perhaps it is the brain that needs resting? This might be a plausible5 hypothesis were it not for two factors. First the electroencephalograph (which is simply a device for recording6 the electrical activity of the brain by attaching electrodes to the scalp) shows that while there is a change in the pattern of activity during sleep, there is no evidence that the total amount of activity is any less. The second factor is more interesting and more fundamental. In l960 an American psychiatrist7 named William Dement published experiments dealing8 with the recording of eye-movements during sleep. He showed that the average individual's sleep cycle is punctuated10 with peculiar11 bursts of eye-movements, some drifting and slow, others jerky and rapid. People woken during these periods of eye-movements generally reported that they had been dreaming. When woken at other times they reported no dreams. If one group of people were disturbed from their eye-movement sleep for several nights on end, and another group were disturbed for an equal period of time but when they were not exhibiting eye-movements, the first group began to show some personality disorders13 while the others seemed more or less unaffected. The implications of all this were that it was not the disturbance14 of sleep that mattered, but the disturbance of dreaming.
speculation1 n. 推测 speculate , predict ; speculation: without a complete knowledge / predict: based on solid foundation
.
I can predict in the near future there will be new type of mobilephone that is visible mobilephone.
speculate about/on sth. in stocks/ speculator
literally ad. 确实 literal / literature / literate15 / illiterate16 / illiteracy17 / antiilliteracy
literal translation 直译法 free translation /paraphrase , I am here today and gone tomorrow.
word to word 逐字翻译法 strict
The children are literally hungry. 孩子们真的饿了。(ambiguous sentence)
odd a. 奇特的 eccentricity18 / eccentric , oddity / eccentricity , odd month 大月
leap month 闰月 /even month 小月 , bizarre/ weird19 / outlandish 怪
in terms of … 就…而言 In terms of our family, we would like to go on an outing .
As for … with regard to
regarding in respect of / as for
tissue n. 组织 (纤维,神经,肌肉…组织) face tissue 面巾纸
plausible n. 似乎有理的 ;区别 reasonable . plausible : seemingly to
What you said is reasonable. I will accept it.
What you said is plausible, but it is not very practical nowadays.
convincing / persuasive20
hypothesis n. 假说 thesis / theory , hypo/ under
hypotension 低血压 ,hypocritical, hypocrite 伪君子
hyper , hypertension 高血压 ,hypercritical/picky/finicky 太挑剔 hypersensitive 过敏 I am hypersensitive to beef /
alcohol.
electroencephalograph n. 脑电图仪 electro / encephalo / graph , encephalitis
electrode n. 电极 lightning rod 避雷针
scalp n. 头皮 skull21 头颅 , have the scalp of sb. 取胜某人
psychiatrist n. 精神病学家 psychology22
punctuate9 vt. 不时介入 punctuate the passage 给段落加注标点 ,punctuation23 标点符号
He punctuates24 in our talk.
butt25 in 插句话
punctual / on the dot / in good time / puncture/ acupuncture26
jerky a. 急动的 jerk 烦/bore / trial / nuisance snore / How he snores!
What a jerk / bore / trial / nuisance
on end 连续不断地 I have been learning English for a month on end.
It has been raining for three days on end.
disorder12 n. 失调 order , mental disorder , nervous / nerve war
disorderly , disorderly house / casino / gambling27 house
legal / handcuffs / Las Vegas / in rags / as poor as a church mouse
implication n. 表明 imply , What does the second speaker imply ?
You said it. / You can say it again.
explicate
1. sweet dream / nightmare / nightmarish experience / dream a dream
die a glorious death
live a comfortable life
tie a tie
2. fairly 相当 I am rather sad. rather clouding
It is fairly sunny. He is fairly handsome. He is rather mean.
3. some : certain
4. nature : 本质
5. literally: actually
6. dream telling / dream teller28 / fortune teller / palm reader
7. looks as if 看起来像
8. overthrow29 our former hypothesis 推翻了我们以前的论点
9. a brief period of…
10. to a degree : to some extent / in a sense
Everybody is self-repairing.
muscle stretch / flexibility30 / spring / elastic31 self-correcting / self-adjusting
11. when more or less continuously active. 省略了主语tissues 和谓语are
如果出现 when / if / though 句型做状语从句,而主句的主,谓语与从句主,谓语相同,则从句的主,谓语可以省略。I got to the school though (I was) late.
12. be concerned with : be about be concerned about
13. might be 表示虚拟语气 were it not = if it were not
for : because but for 若不是
If it were not for his timely help, I would not survive.
But for his timely help, I would not survive.
14. attaching 连接 attaching to
15. pattern : type lie flat / lie on one’s side / lie on stomach
16. Brain is the center / headquarter
17. fundamental 基本 significant / important The brain does not rest.
18. dealing with : be concerned with
19. average : common
20. ogle32 , I ogle her.
21. exhibiting : showing
1 speculation | |
n.思索,沉思;猜测;投机 | |
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2 speculations | |
n.投机买卖( speculation的名词复数 );思考;投机活动;推断 | |
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3 literally | |
adv.照字面意义,逐字地;确实 | |
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4 relaxation | |
n.松弛,放松;休息;消遣;娱乐 | |
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5 plausible | |
adj.似真实的,似乎有理的,似乎可信的 | |
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6 recording | |
n.录音,记录 | |
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7 psychiatrist | |
n.精神病专家;精神病医师 | |
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8 dealing | |
n.经商方法,待人态度 | |
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9 punctuate | |
vt.加标点于;不时打断 | |
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10 punctuated | |
v.(在文字中)加标点符号,加标点( punctuate的过去式和过去分词 );不时打断某事物 | |
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11 peculiar | |
adj.古怪的,异常的;特殊的,特有的 | |
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12 disorder | |
n.紊乱,混乱;骚动,骚乱;疾病,失调 | |
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13 disorders | |
n.混乱( disorder的名词复数 );凌乱;骚乱;(身心、机能)失调 | |
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14 disturbance | |
n.动乱,骚动;打扰,干扰;(身心)失调 | |
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15 literate | |
n.学者;adj.精通文学的,受过教育的 | |
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16 illiterate | |
adj.文盲的;无知的;n.文盲 | |
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17 illiteracy | |
n.文盲 | |
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18 eccentricity | |
n.古怪,反常,怪癖 | |
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19 weird | |
adj.古怪的,离奇的;怪诞的,神秘而可怕的 | |
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20 persuasive | |
adj.有说服力的,能说得使人相信的 | |
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21 skull | |
n.头骨;颅骨 | |
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22 psychology | |
n.心理,心理学,心理状态 | |
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23 punctuation | |
n.标点符号,标点法 | |
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24 punctuates | |
v.(在文字中)加标点符号,加标点( punctuate的第三人称单数 );不时打断某事物 | |
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25 butt | |
n.笑柄;烟蒂;枪托;臀部;v.用头撞或顶 | |
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26 acupuncture | |
n.针灸,针刺法,针疗法 | |
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27 gambling | |
n.赌博;投机 | |
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28 teller | |
n.银行出纳员;(选举)计票员 | |
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29 overthrow | |
v.推翻,打倒,颠覆;n.推翻,瓦解,颠覆 | |
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30 flexibility | |
n.柔韧性,弹性,(光的)折射性,灵活性 | |
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31 elastic | |
n.橡皮圈,松紧带;adj.有弹性的;灵活的 | |
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32 ogle | |
v.看;送秋波;n.秋波,媚眼 | |
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