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SSS 2011-07-01

时间：2011-08-09 03:07:37

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（单词翻译）

 This is Scientific American's 60 second science. I'm Steve Mirsky. At the Lindau Nobel Laureate Meeting at Lindau Germany. This will just take a little bit more time than our usual may?. Edmond Fischer won the Nobel Prize in Physiology1 of Medicine in 1992 for his discoveries with Edwin Krebs about the way proteins get activated2 and cellular3 processes get regulated via a simple process called phosphorylation. Now 91 years old, Fisher spoke4 to students at the Lindau Nobel Laureate Meeting about the difference between research when he was working in the 1950s and the way it's conducted today. 

 
Science was conducted in a totally different way. In those days, in fact since the days of Claude Bernard, the Frech physiologist5 who first showed the glycogenic action of the pancreas, when observed a physiological6 phenomenon, and then one try to detect the factors, enzymes8, hormones9 responsible for it whereas today, by and large, you see other way around. First enzyme7 proteins are discovered, then with the completion of I don't know how many geno sequencing projects, hundreds are being discovered. And then by overexpressing them, knocking them in and out, one tries to determine their function. So to paraphrase10 B D, we went from 6 functions in search of an enzyme, to hundreds of enzymes and protein in search of a function. 
 
Thanks for the minutes, for Scientific American's sixty second science from the Lindau Nobel Laureate meeting. I'm Steve Mirsky.

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1 physiology uAfyL     
n.生理学，生理机能
参考例句：
  • He bought a book about physiology.他买了一本生理学方面的书。
  • He was awarded the Nobel Prize for achievements in physiology.他因生理学方面的建树而被授予诺贝尔奖。
2 activated c3905c37f4127686d512a7665206852e     
adj. 激活的 动词activate的过去式和过去分词
参考例句：
  • The canister is filled with activated charcoal.蒸气回收罐中充满了活性炭。
3 cellular aU1yo     
adj.移动的；细胞的，由细胞组成的
参考例句：
  • She has a cellular telephone in her car.她的汽车里有一部无线通讯电话机。
  • Many people use cellular materials as sensitive elements in hygrometers.很多人用蜂窝状的材料作为测量温度的传感元件。
4 spoke XryyC     
n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说
参考例句：
  • They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
  • The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。
5 physiologist 5NUx2     
n.生理学家
参考例句：
  • Russian physiologist who observed conditioned salivary responses in dogs (1849-1936). （1849-1936）苏联生理学家，在狗身上观察到唾液条件反射，曾获1904年诺贝尔生理学-医学奖。
  • The physiologist recently studied indicated that evening exercises beneficially. 生理学家新近研究表明，傍晚锻炼最为有益。
6 physiological aAvyK     
adj.生理学的，生理学上的
参考例句：
  • He bought a physiological book.他买了一本生理学方面的书。
  • Every individual has a physiological requirement for each nutrient.每个人对每种营养成分都有一种生理上的需要。
7 enzyme cPozF     
n.酵素，酶
参考例句：
  • Above a certain temperature,the enzyme molecule will become unfolded.超过一定温度，酶分子将会展开。
  • An enzyme that dissolves the fibrin of blood clots.能溶解血凝块中的纤维的酶。
8 enzymes 7881ad8ce9c83424f7874e70266ed2d8     
n. 酶，酵素
参考例句：
  • It was said that washing powders containing enzymes remove stains more efficiently. 据说加酶洗衣粉除污更有效。
  • Among the enzymes which are particularly effective are pepsin, papain. 在酶当中特别有效的是胃朊酶、木瓜酶。
9 hormones hormones     
n. 荷尔蒙，激素 名词hormone的复数形式
参考例句：
  • This hormone interacts closely with other hormones in the body. 这种荷尔蒙与体內其他荷尔蒙紧密地相互作用。
  • The adrenals produce a large per cent of a man's sex hormones. 肾上腺分泌人体的大部分性激素。
10 paraphrase SLSxy     
vt.将…释义，改写；n.释义，意义
参考例句：
  • You may read the prose paraphrase of this poem.你可以看一下这首诗的散文释义。
  • Paraphrase the following sentences or parts of sentences using your own words.用你自己的话解释下面的句子或句子的一部分。

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