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(单词翻译)
Your nose may be the first place you think of as a source of mucus. But mucus is a major player in your gut1, too. "There's antimicrobial peptides and proteins that are present in there. Bacteria live in there and forage2 on the carbohydrates3. And it's a lubricant, it helps sweep contents down the GI tract4, without injuring the epithelial layer."
Eric Martens, a microbiologist at the University of Michigan. He says farther down the GI tract, in the colon5, the mucus builds a wall: a barrier against friendly bacteria, "as well as pathogens that could be transiting6 through." But here's the problem: your gut bacteria may chew right through that wall—if you skimp7 on fiber8 in your diet.
Martens and his team modeled that scenario9 in mice who'd been born free of microbes. They seeded the mice's guts10 with a human gut microbiome—then fed them a high-fiber diet: raw milled corn, whole wheat, whole soybeans and oats. "It's about as raw of a diet as you can get." The human equivalent: double our recommended daily intake11 of fiber. "It's a lot of kale."
That extreme high-fiber diet helped keep the mucus barrier intact. But in mice that had zero fiber—or the kind of soluble12 fiber typically added to processed foods—the fiber-eating members of the gut dwindled13. Their absence opened up more real estate for mucus-munching bacteria, which boomed in number, and tore through the protective mucus wall—leaving intestinal14 cells open for microbial attack. The study is in the journal Cell. [Mahesh S. Desai et al., A Dietary Fiber-Deprived Gut Microbiota Degrades the Colonic Mucus Barrier and Enhances Pathogen Susceptibility]
The results suggest that "the recent history of your diet could predispose how you react to an enteric pathogen." And they're yet another endorsement15 of the magical properties of plant fiber. "Eating natural vegetables, raw vegetables, cooked veggies, whole grains, is definitely good for you." The good news is, the mice's gut bacteria bounced back within a day to a change in diet. So eat for the gut you want. Not the gut you have.
—Christopher Intagliata
1 gut | |
n.[pl.]胆量;内脏;adj.本能的;vt.取出内脏 | |
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2 forage | |
n.(牛马的)饲料,粮草;v.搜寻,翻寻 | |
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3 carbohydrates | |
n.碳水化合物,糖类( carbohydrate的名词复数 );淀粉质或糖类食物 | |
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4 tract | |
n.传单,小册子,大片(土地或森林) | |
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5 colon | |
n.冒号,结肠,直肠 | |
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6 transiting | |
通过(transit的现在分词形式) | |
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7 skimp | |
v.节省花费,吝啬 | |
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8 fiber | |
n.纤维,纤维质 | |
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9 scenario | |
n.剧本,脚本;概要 | |
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10 guts | |
v.狼吞虎咽,贪婪地吃,飞碟游戏(比赛双方每组5人,相距15码,互相掷接飞碟);毁坏(建筑物等)的内部( gut的第三人称单数 );取出…的内脏n.勇气( gut的名词复数 );内脏;消化道的下段;肠 | |
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11 intake | |
n.吸入,纳入;进气口,入口 | |
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12 soluble | |
adj.可溶的;可以解决的 | |
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13 dwindled | |
v.逐渐变少或变小( dwindle的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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14 intestinal | |
adj.肠的;肠壁;肠道细菌 | |
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15 endorsement | |
n.背书;赞成,认可,担保;签(注),批注 | |
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