科学美国人60秒 SSS Widening the Suez Canal Ushers In Underwater Invaders

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The Mediterranean¹ Sea is home to some 17,000 native species. But it's also home to a growing number of non-native species: 756 at last count. 756 may not sound like a lot, compared to 17,000. 

"But this is not arithmetic." Bella Galil, a naturalist² at Israel National Center for Biodiversity Studies in Tel Aviv. "Those invasive species have a large population, and they rend³ apart the native food web. They disturb an already stressed community." 

The invaders⁴ she's talking about are central casting for an underwater horror movie. Take the nomadic⁵ jellyfish, in huge swarms⁶ 60 miles long, which sent hundreds of people to Turkish hospitals a few summers back. Or a type of pufferfish, extremely poisonous, that occasionally gets fished out, and lands at fish markets by mistake.

Galil says these bad guys, and many others, have invaded the Mediterranean through the ever-widening Suez Canal. As the canal grows, so do the number of non-native species. And it's a dilemma⁷ that's not easily addressed. "It's a Humpty-Dumpty sort of problem. Once it's broke it's broke. We cannot re-engineer it. It's too complex for us." Galil and her team outline the scope of the problem in the journal Management of Biological Invasions. [Bella Galil et al., The enlargement of the Suez Canal—Erythraean introductions and management challenges]

Installing locks or salinity⁸ barriers could help block future invasions, she says—those methods have worked in other canals. But that's an engineering and governance issue. "As biologists we've raised our voices. The community is aware of it. The problem is to go beyond this. And to go beyond this we need to go into the regional bureaucracy and the industry." It'll undoubtedly⁹ cost money, too. One motivating factor for taking action: Mediterranean beaches are big business. And swarms of jellyfish can quickly drive away the customers.  

—Christopher Intagliata