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(单词翻译)
“So we’re inside, we’re in fake lighting1, we’re not spending as much time outside in the context in which our visual system evolved.”
Amanda Melin, assistant professor of anthropology2 & archaeology3 and of medical genetics at the University of Calgary. And all that sitting inside in dim light staring at screens has led to an epidemic5 of myopia—nearsightedness—among young people.
“The myopia epidemic is particularly strong in Asia and in urban Asian environments, where it is increasing to be upwards6 of 90 percent of teenagers are myopes.”
Melin spoke7 February 20th at a press briefing at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement8 of Science in Boston.
“So to be sure there’s a genetic4 component9, my father had glasses I have glasses. But we’re increasingly realizing that the environments in which we’re spending our time are playing a major role.
“And so a cohort study where some school age children were given 40 minutes or more time outside, those children had a 23 to 50 percent less likely chance of developing myopia than students at schools who were not given that same amount of outdoor exposure. And it looks to be dosage dependent, so the longer time you spend outside the less chance you have of developing myopia.
“So the exact mechanisms10 are not really known, so we really need a lot more research into this. But another major factor that’s being implicated11 is near-work activities, so spending our time looking at computers, into microscopes, these things. And then as soon as we leave our work, what are we doing, we’re on our mobile devices, that’s also a very close activity.
“When we’re engaged in near-focus tasks our eyes are actually working really hard, because the muscles have to accommodate the lens to focus that close. When we look off into a distance that’s when our eyes are relaxing, so there could be something with that as well.
“When you’re outside, the ambient light is…orders of magnitude brighter outside in outdoor lighting environments, so that probably has a very important role…we need to think about perhaps policies in place to get kids and young adults outside a bit more.”
—Steve Mirsky
1 lighting | |
n.照明,光线的明暗,舞台灯光 | |
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2 anthropology | |
n.人类学 | |
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3 archaeology | |
n.考古学 | |
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4 genetic | |
adj.遗传的,遗传学的 | |
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5 epidemic | |
n.流行病;盛行;adj.流行性的,流传极广的 | |
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6 upwards | |
adv.向上,在更高处...以上 | |
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7 spoke | |
n.(车轮的)辐条;轮辐;破坏某人的计划;阻挠某人的行动 v.讲,谈(speak的过去式);说;演说;从某种观点来说 | |
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8 advancement | |
n.前进,促进,提升 | |
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9 component | |
n.组成部分,成分,元件;adj.组成的,合成的 | |
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10 mechanisms | |
n.机械( mechanism的名词复数 );机械装置;[生物学] 机制;机械作用 | |
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11 implicated | |
adj.密切关联的;牵涉其中的 | |
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