科学美国人60秒 SSS Individuals' Blood Glucose Levels after Meals May Be Predictable

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Individuals' Blood Glucose¹ Levels after Meals May Be Predictable 预测血糖

High blood sugar levels are a risk factor for type 2 diabetes². Doctors today have only general dietary recommendations for how to control those levels, because there’s no real way to predict what’s called the post-prandial glycemic response — that is, just how your particular blood glucose level will be affected³ by what you eat. But a new study may be the start of making glucose controlling food recommendations more personal.

高血糖对于二型糖尿病很危险。现在医生们仅有关于如何控制血糖水平的饮食建议，因为没有实际的办法来预测餐后的血糖反应——即，你的血糖水平如何受到饮食的影响。但是现在一项新的研究可能会使控制饮食中的葡萄糖含量更具人性化。

Scientists in Israel followed 800 nondiabetic adults over one week, checking their blood glucose levels every five minutes. The participants got a full medical workup, including a stool sample to analyze⁴ their gut⁵ microbiome.

以色列科学家对800多名非糖尿病患者进行了为期一周的跟踪调查，每5分钟就会监测他们的血糖含量。参与者会进行全面的医疗检查，其中包括获取其粪便样本以分析他们的肠道微生物。

The participants logged the food they ate, their exercise and their sleep. They chose their own food except for one meal a day, which was one of four standardized⁶ options.

参与者对自己所吃的食物、体育锻炼以及睡眠都会进行记录，除了一天只能吃一餐外，他们可以选择自己的食物，这是四个标准化选项之一。

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The result? “The blood sugar response of different people to identical meals can be hugely different.” Eran Segal of the Weizmann Institute of Science. Segal and his colleagues found that one person’s blood glucose might spike⁷ in response to a particular food, while that same food would actually lower another person’s. The study is in the journal Cell.

结果呢?“对于相同的饮食，不同人的血糖反应会大相径庭。” Eran Segal 来自于魏茨曼科学研究学院。Segal和他的同事们发现食用某种特定的食物可以引起某些人的血糖含量激增，而相同的食物却能降低另外一个人的血糖含量。该研究结果发表在《细胞》杂志上。

The researchers then developed an algorithm that could predict an individual’s blood sugar responses to various meals.

之后，研究人员研发了一种可以预测个体对于不同饮食的血糖含量反应的算法。

“We link nutrition in a personalized manner to human risk to develop elevated blood sugar levels and their many complications.” Eran Elinav of the Weizmann Institute, who also took part in the study. “As scientists we often deal with very basic questions, but in this work we are very happy to also introduce a potential that if further developed would allow to benefit the health of millions across the world.”

“我们用个性化的方式将营养与血糖升高和并发症的风险联系起来。”Eran Elinav 讲述了上述言论，他来自魏兹曼研究所 ，同时也参与了该项研究。“作为科学家们，我们经常解决非常基础的问题，但是在这样工作中，如果进一步研究能让世界上百万人的健康获益的话，我们非常开心来介绍这种潜在的方法。