TED演讲:诺贝尔奖是如何运作的(2)
时间：2018-10-25 01:20:12
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（单词翻译）
There's no limit to the number of times a person or organization can be nominated. 个人和组织没有被提名的次数限制。
In fact, Jane Addams, recognized as the
founder1 of social work in the United States, 事实上，简·亚当斯作为美国社会服务的奠基人
was nominated 91 times before finally being awarded the prize. 在被提名了91次后才终于被授予了该奖项。
The absence of a laureate can also be
symbolic2. 获奖者的缺席也具有象征意义。
The 1948 decision not to award the prize following the death of Mahatma Gandhi has been interpreted 在圣雄甘地死后的1948年，和平奖没有颁布，
as an attempt to respectfully honor the so-called missing laureate. 这被认为是向所谓空缺获奖人表达敬意。
As with the other Nobel Prizes, the Peace Prize can't be awarded
posthumously3. 和其它的诺贝尔奖项一样，和平奖不能授予已逝之人。
The secret selection process takes almost a year, 保密选举的进程几乎要花一年的时间，
and is carried out by the five appointed members of the Norwegian Nobel Committee 由五人组成的挪威诺贝尔委员会来负责评选，
who are forbidden from having any official political function in Norway. 他们被禁止在挪威担任任何官方政治工作。
Starting with a large pool of
nominations5, exceeding 300 in recent years, 从一大堆提名开始，近些年来甚至超过300名，
they access each candidate's work and create a short list. 他们寻访每个候选人的作为并确立最终候选人名单。
Finally, the chairman of the Nobel Committee publicly announces the laureate in October. 最终，诺贝尔委员会的主席将于10月公开宣布获奖者名单。
The awards ceremony takes place on December 10th, the anniversary of Alfred Nobel's death. 授奖仪式将在十二月十日举行，也就是阿弗雷德·诺贝尔的逝世纪念日。
The prize itself includes a gold medal
inscribed6 with the Latin words, "
Pro4 pace et fraternitate gentium," 奖项包括一块刻着拉丁文“ Pro pace et fraternizzate pentium”，也就是“为了和平与人类的兄弟情谊”的金牌，
or "For the peace and
brotherhood7 of men," as well as a diploma and a large cash prize. 还有获奖证书和一大笔奖金。
Recently, it's been 8 million Swedish kronor, or roughly a million US dollars, 最近它已经达到800万瑞典克朗之多，约合100万美元，
which is split in the case of multiple laureates. 在多个获奖者共获一奖的情况下，这些钱会被平分。
And while laureates can use the prize money as they choose, in recent years, 尽管获奖者可以随意支配奖金，但近年来，
many have donated it to
humanitarian8 or social causes. 许多人都将它捐献给了人道主义或社会事业。
For many years, the Nobel Peace Prize was predominately awarded to European and North American men. 许多年来，诺贝尔和平奖绝大多数都被颁发给了欧洲人和北美人。
But in recent years, significant changes have been taking place, making the prize more global than ever. 但是近年来发生了巨大的改变，让此奖变得不同以往的国际化了。
23 organizations and 103 individuals, that's 87 men and 16 women, 23个组织和103位个人（其中包括87位男性、16位女性），
have made up the 126 Nobel Peace Prize laureates in history. 构成了史上126名诺贝尔和平奖获奖者。
They include Desmond Tutu for his nonviolent campaign against apartheid in South Africa, 他们中包括在南非用非暴力活动抵抗种族歧视的德斯蒙德·图图，
Jody Williams for her campaign to ban and clear anti-personnel mines, 进行取缔和清除反人类地雷活动的乔迪·威廉姆斯，
Rigoberta Menchu Tum for her work for social justice and
reconciliation9 based on respect for the rights of
indigenous10 peoples, 在对土著人民权利尊重的前提下致力于社会公正和调和工作的里戈韦塔·门楚·图姆。
Martti Ahtisaari for his efforts to resolve international conflicts in Namibia, Kosovo, and Indonesia, 化解纳米比亚、科索沃和印度尼西亚国际冲突的马尔蒂·阿赫蒂萨里，
and Aung San Suu Kyi for her nonviolent struggle for democracy and human rights in Myanmar. 还有在缅甸为民主和人权做非暴力斗争的昂山素季。
They're just a few examples of the people who have inspired us, challenged us, 他们只是激励我们、鞭策我们的一小部分例子，
and demonstrated through their actions that there are many paths to peace. 用行动证明了通往和平的道路有很多很多。
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