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TED演讲:改变荒漠现状,扭转气候变化(5)

时间:2018-11-27 07:50:23

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(单词翻译)

   This picture is a typical seasonal1 grassland2.  这张图是典型的季节性草原。

  It has just come through four months of rain, and it's now going into eight months of dry season.  刚刚经历了4个月的雨季,将要进入8个月的旱季。
  And watch the change as it goes into this long dry season.  注意看草原进入漫长的旱季后的变化。
  Now, all of that grass you see aboveground has to decay biologically before the next growing season,  你们看到的所有地表上的草,在下个生长季节到来之前,都会腐烂掉,
  and if it doesn't, the grassland and the soil begin to die.  否则的话,草地和土壤就会开始死亡。
  Now, if it does not decay biologically, it shifts to oxidation, which is a very slow process,  如果它不是生物性的腐烂,而是以氧化的形式腐烂,这是一个非常缓慢的过程,
  and this smothers3 and kills grasses, leading to a shift to woody vegetation and bare soil, releasing carbon.  并且会消耗氧气,杀死草本植物,只有木本的植物才能生存,导致了地表被裸露,碳元素释放到大气层。
  To prevent that, we have traditionally used fire.  为了防止这种情况,传统上我们是用火烧。
  But fire also leaves the soil bare, releasing carbon, and worse than that, burning one hectare of grassland gives off more,  可是火也会让地表被裸露,碳元素释放到大气层,更糟糕的是,烧掉一公顷的草地所释放的有害污染物,
  and more damaging, pollutants4 than 6,000 cars.  要比6000辆汽车排放的总和还要多。
  And we are burning in Africa, every single year, more than one billion hectares of grasslands5, and almost nobody is talking about it.  每年在非洲我们都会烧掉十亿公顷以上的草地,几乎没人关心过这个。
  We justify6 the burning, as scientists, because it does remove the dead material and it allows the plants to grow. 作为科学家,我们理解烧草可以除掉死植物,允许植物成长。
  Now, looking at this grassland of ours that has gone dry, what could we do to keep that healthy?  看看这片草地已经枯干,我们做什么才能保持健康?
  And bear in mind, I'm talking of most of the world's land now. Okay?  记住,我讲的是世界上大部分的土地。明白么?
  We cannot reduce animal numbers to rest it more without causing desertification and climate change.  我们不能用减少动物数量的方式让植被休养,因为这会引发土地荒漠化和气候变化。
  We cannot burn it without causing desertification and climate change. 我们不能用焚烧的方法,这也会引发荒漠化和气候变化。
  What are we going to do?  那我们能怎么办?
  There is only one option, I'll repeat to you, only one option left to climatologists and scientists,  只有一种方案,我再重复一遍,唯一的一种方法摆在气候学家和科学家的面前,
  and that is to do the unthinkable, and to use livestock7, bunched and moving, as a proxy8 for former herds9 and predators10, and mimic11 nature.  个方案非常的不可思议,就是使用牲畜,成群结队地迁移,把它们看作从前的游牧动物和捕食动物,模拟大自然的行为。
  There is no other alternative left to mankind. 这这种方法是人类唯一的选择了。

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1 seasonal LZ1xE     
adj.季节的,季节性的
参考例句:
  • The town relies on the seasonal tourist industry for jobs.这个城镇依靠季节性旅游业提供就业机会。
  • The hors d'oeuvre is seasonal vegetables.餐前小吃是应时蔬菜。
2 grassland 0fCxG     
n.牧场,草地,草原
参考例句:
  • There is a reach of grassland in the distance.远处是连绵一片的草原。
  • The snowstorm swept the vast expanse of grassland.暴风雪袭击了辽阔的草原。
3 smothers 410c265ab6ce90ef30beb39442111a2c     
(使)窒息, (使)透不过气( smother的第三人称单数 ); 覆盖; 忍住; 抑制
参考例句:
  • Mary smothers her children with too much love. 玛丽溺爱自己的孩子。
  • He smothers his hair with grease, eg hair-oil. 他用发腊擦头发。
4 pollutants 694861490fe64672170a0da250a277c7     
污染物质(尤指工业废物)( pollutant的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • Pollutants are constantly being released into the atmosphere. 污染物质正在不断地被排放到大气中去。
  • The 1987 Amendments limit 301(g) discharges to a few well-studied nonconventional pollutants. 1987年的修正案把第301条(g)的普通排放限制施加在一些认真研究过的几种非常规污染物上。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法
5 grasslands 72179cad53224d2f605476ff67a1d94c     
n.草原,牧场( grassland的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • Songs were heard ringing loud and clear over the grasslands. 草原上扬起清亮激越的歌声。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
  • Grasslands have been broken and planted to wheat. 草原已经开垦出来,种上了小麦。 来自《简明英汉词典》
6 justify j3DxR     
vt.证明…正当(或有理),为…辩护
参考例句:
  • He tried to justify his absence with lame excuses.他想用站不住脚的借口为自己的缺席辩解。
  • Can you justify your rude behavior to me?你能向我证明你的粗野行为是有道理的吗?
7 livestock c0Wx1     
n.家畜,牲畜
参考例句:
  • Both men and livestock are flourishing.人畜两旺。
  • The heavy rains and flooding killed scores of livestock.暴雨和大水淹死了许多牲口。
8 proxy yRXxN     
n.代理权,代表权;(对代理人的)委托书;代理人
参考例句:
  • You may appoint a proxy to vote for you.你可以委托他人代你投票。
  • We enclose a form of proxy for use at the Annual General Meeting.我们附上委任年度大会代表的表格。
9 herds 0a162615f6eafc3312659a54a8cdac0f     
兽群( herd的名词复数 ); 牧群; 人群; 群众
参考例句:
  • Regularly at daybreak they drive their herds to the pasture. 每天天一亮他们就把牲畜赶到草场上去。
  • There we saw herds of cows grazing on the pasture. 我们在那里看到一群群的牛在草地上吃草。
10 predators 48b965855934a5395e409c1112d94f63     
n.食肉动物( predator的名词复数 );奴役他人者(尤指在财务或性关系方面)
参考例句:
  • birds and their earthbound predators 鸟和地面上捕食它们的动物
  • The eyes of predators are highly sensitive to the slightest movement. 捕食性动物的眼睛能感觉到最细小的动静。 来自《简明英汉词典》
11 mimic PD2xc     
v.模仿,戏弄;n.模仿他人言行的人
参考例句:
  • A parrot can mimic a person's voice.鹦鹉能学人的声音。
  • He used to mimic speech peculiarities of another.他过去总是模仿别人讲话的特点。

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