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科学美国人60秒 SSS 维基百科与动物迁徙

时间：2019-09-29 02:15:46

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（单词翻译）

Animal Migrations2 Track with Wikipedia Searches

Every spring, migratory3 birds flood back to where they breed. That migratory behavior is accompanied by some human behavior: "In English-language Wikipedia, the page views for migratory species like the indigo4 bunting or the Baltimore oriole tend to peak in the spring when those birds arrive in the United States on their breeding grounds."

每年春天，候鸟都会飞回繁殖的地方。这种迁徙行为伴随着人类的一些行为:“在维基百科中，靛蓝旗莺或巴尔的摩金莺等迁徙物种的页面浏览量往往在春天达到峰值，因为那时这些鸟类抵达美国的繁殖地。”

John Mittermeier, a conservation biologist at the University of Oxford5 in England.

约翰·米特梅尔是英国牛津大学的一名自然保护生物学家。

"It's this incredible thing where you can see in people's online behavior and how they're using Wikipedia, the fingerprints6 of the arrival of the birds."

这是一件不可思议的事情，你可以从人们的网络在线行为和他们如何使用维基百科上看到，鸟类到来的痕迹。”

And not just birds. Mittermeier and his team surveyed nearly two-and-a-half billion Wikipedia page views, for 32 thousand species, across 245 languages, and also saw variable search rates for insects, ferns, horsetails and flowering plants. And the online searches for birds, at least, seemed to correlate with real-world data on migration1 times.

不仅仅是鸟类。米特梅尔和他的团队调查了维基百科上近25亿的页面浏览量，涵盖了245种语言、3.2万种物种，还发现了昆虫、蕨类植物、马尾草和开花植物的搜索率各不相同。至少，对鸟类的在线搜索似乎与真实的迁徙时间相关。

The researchers also found that Lithuanian Wikipedia pages, for example, had more seasonality8 than pages in Thai or Tamil—probably because seasonal7 differences increase with latitude9. The finding is in the journal PLOS Biology.

例如，研究人员还发现立陶宛语维基百科的页面比泰语或泰米尔语的页面更具有季节性，这可能是因为季节差异随纬度的增加而增加。这一发现发表在《公共科学图书馆生物学》杂志上。

Mittermeier says search data could be useful to conservation biologists. "In areas that are hard for biologists to survey or reach, maybe we could be using online data like Wikipedia data to detect migration patterns or flowering seasons or things like that."

米特梅尔说搜索数据可能对保护生物学家有用。“在生物学家难以调查或到达的地区，或许我们可以利用维基百科等在线数据来探测迁徙模式或开花季节等。”

He was also encouraged by the search results: "I think there's a concern among conservationists that people are losing touch with the natural world and that they're not interacting with native species anymore. And so in that context to see that actually people's Wikipedia behavior is strongly corresponding to these phenological patterns in nature was really exciting and quite unexpected for me."

他也被搜索结果所鼓舞:“我认为自然保护主义者担心人们正在与自然世界失去联系，他们不再与本土物种互动。因此，在这样的背景下，看到人们在维基百科上的行为与自然界的物候模式有很强的对应关系，我真的很兴奋，也很出乎我的意料。”


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1 migration mDpxj     
n.迁移，移居，（鸟类等的）迁徙
参考例句：
  • Swallows begin their migration south in autumn.燕子在秋季开始向南方迁移。
  • He described the vernal migration of birds in detail.他详细地描述了鸟的春季移居。
2 migrations 2d162e07be0cf65cc1054b2128c60258     
n.迁移，移居( migration的名词复数 )
参考例句：
  • It foundered during the turmoils accompanying the Great Migrations. 它在随着民族大迁徙而出现的混乱中崩溃。 来自辞典例句
  • Birds also have built-in timepieces which send them off on fall and spring migrations. 鸟类也有天生的时间感应器指导它们秋春迁移。 来自互联网
3 migratory jwQyB     
n.候鸟，迁移
参考例句：
  • Many migratory birds visit this lake annually.许多候鸟每年到这个湖上作短期逗留。
  • This does not negate the idea of migratory aptitude.这并没有否定迁移能力这一概念。
4 indigo 78FxQ     
n.靛青，靛蓝
参考例句：
  • The sky was indigo blue,and a great many stars were shining.天空一片深蓝，闪烁着点点繁星。
  • He slipped into an indigo tank.他滑落到蓝靛桶中。
5 Oxford Wmmz0a     
n.牛津（英国城市）
参考例句：
  • At present he has become a Professor of Chemistry at Oxford.他现在已是牛津大学的化学教授了。
  • This is where the road to Oxford joins the road to London.这是去牛津的路与去伦敦的路的汇合处。
6 fingerprints 9b456c81cc868e5bdf3958245615450b     
n.指纹( fingerprint的名词复数 )v.指纹( fingerprint的第三人称单数 )
参考例句：
  • Everyone's fingerprints are unique. 每个人的指纹都是独一无二的。
  • They wore gloves so as not to leave any fingerprints behind (them). 他们戴着手套，以免留下指纹。 来自《简明英汉词典》
7 seasonal LZ1xE     
adj.季节的，季节性的
参考例句：
  • The town relies on the seasonal tourist industry for jobs.这个城镇依靠季节性旅游业提供就业机会。
  • The hors d'oeuvre is seasonal vegetables.餐前小吃是应时蔬菜。
8 seasonality 8255e9fd0a7b18c1992037f2309fd02a     
季节性
参考例句：
  • a high degree of climatic seasonality 明显的季节性气候变化
  • Confinement. Seasonality of tourist trade, animals often 'contracted' to work. 限制，在旅游旺季时，动物们通常都得被迫“上工”。 来自互联网
9 latitude i23xV     
n.纬度，行动或言论的自由(范围)，(pl.)地区
参考例句：
  • The latitude of the island is 20 degrees south.该岛的纬度是南纬20度。
  • The two cities are at approximately the same latitude.这两个城市差不多位于同一纬度上。

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