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科学美国人60秒 SSS 微生物与你一起乘地铁通勤

时间:2019-09-29 06:37:23

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(单词翻译)

This is Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.

这里是科学美国人——60秒科学。我是克里斯托弗·因塔利亚塔。

Every day, five million commuters ride the Hong Kong metro2. Human commuters that is. Because there are countless3 more microbes riding the trains, too.

每天有500万名乘客搭乘香港地铁。准确的说,这些是人类通勤者。因为还有无数的微生物也在搭乘地铁。

"Yes it seems they are also riding the metro to move around, without paying a ticket." Gianni Panagiotou is a systems biologist at the University of Hong Kong and the Hans Knoll4 Institute in Germany.

“对,它们似乎也在乘坐地铁四处活动,只不过它们没有买票。”香港大学和德国汉斯·诺尔研究所的系统生物学家吉安尼·帕纳吉奥托说到。

He and his team tracked the ebb5 and flow of microbes in the Hong Kong metro, by swabbing six volunteer commuters' palms as they commuted6 both day and night through the city's eight urban lines.

他和团队对香港地铁中微生物数量的消长进行了追踪,方法是用棉签对6位通勤志愿者的手掌进行采样,而这些志愿者要在早上和晚上乘坐香港地铁的8条主要线路。

DNA7 sequencing revealed a lot of harmless skin and soil microbes—but also other germs that harbored antibiotic8 resistance genes9. And while some trains had unique microbial fingerprints10 in the morning—an above-ground line running near a polluted river had more aquatic11 and sewage-related species, for example—by the evening commute1, the microbial footprint of all lines was nearly the same. In other words, microbes wind up commuting12 too.

通过进行DNA测序,他们发现地铁上有许多无害的皮肤和土壤微生物,还有其他含有抗生素抗性基因的微生物。虽然一些线路在早上含有独特的微生物特征,比如,受污染河流附近的地上线路会出现水生细菌和与污水有关的细菌,但到晚间通勤时,所有线路的微生物足迹几乎一样。换句话说,微生物最终也会通勤。

The study is in the journal Cell Reports.

这项研究发表在《细胞报告》期刊上。

The authors also hypothesize that cross contamination can occur between regions with different antibiotics13 use or guidelines. For example, tetracycline is common on mainland China's pig farms. And it was the line crossing into Hong Kong from mainland China that shuttled the most tetracycline resistance genes into the city each morning...where they dispersed14 throughout the entire system.

作者还设想,在抗生素使用方法或指导方针不同的地区之间,可能发生交叉污染。比如,中国大陆的养猪场普遍使用四环素。而正是这条香港与大陆接轨的地铁线路,每天早上将最多的四环素抗性基因运送到香港,随后扩散至整个系统。

Panagiotou says people shouldn't worry too much about it—it's not a serious health risk. "Having said that, it's a good idea to wash your hands after you're back at home."

帕纳吉奥托说,人们不应该对此过于担心,这并不是严重的健康风险。“话虽如此,回家后洗手依然是明智的做法。”

Thanks for listening for Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.

谢谢大家收听科学美国人——60秒科学。我是克里斯托弗·因塔利亚塔。


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点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 commute BXTyi     
vi.乘车上下班;vt.减(刑);折合;n.上下班交通
参考例句:
  • I spend much less time on my commute to work now.我现在工作的往返时间要节省好多。
  • Most office workers commute from the suburbs.很多公司的职员都是从郊外来上班的。
2 metro XogzNA     
n.地铁;adj.大都市的;(METRO)麦德隆(财富500强公司之一总部所在地德国,主要经营零售)
参考例句:
  • Can you reach the park by metro?你可以乘地铁到达那个公园吗?
  • The metro flood gate system is a disaster prevention equipment.地铁防淹门系统是一种防灾设备。
3 countless 7vqz9L     
adj.无数的,多得不计其数的
参考例句:
  • In the war countless innocent people lost their lives.在这场战争中无数无辜的人丧失了性命。
  • I've told you countless times.我已经告诉你无数遍了。
4 knoll X3nyd     
n.小山,小丘
参考例句:
  • Silver had terrible hard work getting up the knoll.对于希尔弗来说,爬上那小山丘真不是件容易事。
  • He crawled up a small knoll and surveyed the prospect.他慢腾腾地登上一个小丘,看了看周围的地形。
5 ebb ebb     
vi.衰退,减退;n.处于低潮,处于衰退状态
参考例句:
  • The flood and ebb tides alternates with each other.涨潮和落潮交替更迭。
  • They swam till the tide began to ebb.他们一直游到开始退潮。
6 commuted 724892c1891ddce7d27d9b956147e7b4     
通勤( commute的过去式和过去分词 ); 减(刑); 代偿
参考例句:
  • His sentence was commuted from death to life imprisonment. 他的判决由死刑减为无期徒刑。
  • The death sentence may be commuted to life imprisonment. 死刑可能減为无期徒刑。
7 DNA 4u3z1l     
(缩)deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸
参考例句:
  • DNA is stored in the nucleus of a cell.脱氧核糖核酸储存于细胞的细胞核里。
  • Gene mutations are alterations in the DNA code.基因突变是指DNA密码的改变。
8 antibiotic KNJzd     
adj.抗菌的;n.抗生素
参考例句:
  • The doctor said that I should take some antibiotic.医生说我应该服些用抗生素。
  • Antibiotic can be used against infection.抗菌素可以用来防止感染。
9 genes 01914f8eac35d7e14afa065217edd8c0     
n.基因( gene的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • You have good genes from your parents, so you should live a long time. 你从父母那儿获得优良的基因,所以能够活得很长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Differences will help to reveal the functions of the genes. 它们间的差异将会帮助我们揭开基因多种功能。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 生物技术的世纪
10 fingerprints 9b456c81cc868e5bdf3958245615450b     
n.指纹( fingerprint的名词复数 )v.指纹( fingerprint的第三人称单数 )
参考例句:
  • Everyone's fingerprints are unique. 每个人的指纹都是独一无二的。
  • They wore gloves so as not to leave any fingerprints behind (them). 他们戴着手套,以免留下指纹。 来自《简明英汉词典》
11 aquatic mvXzk     
adj.水生的,水栖的
参考例句:
  • Aquatic sports include swimming and rowing.水上运动包括游泳和划船。
  • We visited an aquatic city in Italy.我们在意大利访问过一个水上城市。
12 commuting d2c3874ec246fb1858841223ffe4992e     
交换(的)
参考例句:
  • I used the commuting time to read and answer my mail. 我利用上下班在汽车中的时间来阅读和答复给我的函电。
  • Noncommuting objects are as real to the mathematicians as commuting objects. 对于数学家来说,不可交换的对象与可交换的对象是一样真实的。
13 antibiotics LzgzQT     
n.(用作复数)抗生素;(用作单数)抗生物质的研究;抗生素,抗菌素( antibiotic的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • the discovery of antibiotics in the 20th century 20世纪抗生素的发现
  • The doctor gave me a prescription for antibiotics. 医生给我开了抗生素。
14 dispersed b24c637ca8e58669bce3496236c839fa     
adj. 被驱散的, 被分散的, 散布的
参考例句:
  • The clouds dispersed themselves. 云散了。
  • After school the children dispersed to their homes. 放学后,孩子们四散回家了。

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