科学美国人60秒 SSS 2018年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖表彰对抗癌症的免疫疗法

（单词翻译）

This is Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I'm Steve Mirsky.

这里是科学美国人——60秒科学。我是史蒂夫·米尔斯基。

"The Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institute has today decided¹ to award the 2018 Nobel Prize in Physiology² or Medicine, jointly³ to James P. Allison and Tasuku Honjo for their discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation."

“今天，卡罗林斯卡医学院诺贝尔奖委员会决定将2018年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖共同授予詹姆斯·艾利森和本庶佑，以表彰他们在发现负性免疫调节治疗癌症的疗法方面的贡献。”

Thomas Perlmann, secretary of the Nobel Assembly shortly after 5:30 this morning Eastern time.

美国东部时间今天早上5点30分稍过，诺贝尔奖委员会秘书长托马斯·佩尔曼宣布了这一消息。

"James P. Allison was born in Alice, in Texas, in the United States. He performed his prize-winning studies at the University of California, Berkeley, and at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York. He is now active at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center in Houston. Tasuku Honjo was born in Kyoto, in Japan. He performed his prize-winning studies at Kyoto University, where he is still active."

“詹姆斯·艾利森出生于美国得克萨斯州埃利斯市。他在加州大学伯克利分校和纽约纪念斯隆-凯特琳癌症中心进行了获奖研究。他现在任职于休斯敦的得克萨斯大学MD安德森癌症中心。本庶佑出生于日本京都。他在京都大学进行了获奖研究，目前仍在该大学任职。”

Karolinska Institute immunologist Klas K?rre, a member of the Nobel Committee, explained the significance of the work of the new Nobel laureates:

卡拉斯·卡里是卡罗林斯卡医学院免疫学家兼诺贝尔奖委员会成员，他解释了新任诺贝尔得主所做研究工作的重要意义：

"Allison's and Honjo's discoveries have added a new pillar in cancer therapy. It represents a completely new principle, because unlike the previous strategies it is not based on targeting the cancer cells, but rather the brakes, the checkpoints, of the host immune system. The seminal⁴ discoveries by the two laureates constitute a paradigmatic shift and a landmark⁵ in the fight against cancer."

“艾利森和本庶佑的发现为癌症治疗添加了新支柱。该研究代表了一种全新的原则，因为与此前治疗策略不同的是，这种疗法不再着眼于攻击癌症细胞，而是着力于宿主免疫系统的‘刹车'和检查点。两位获奖者的重大发现构成了人类与癌症斗争的典范式转变，具有里程碑意义。”

For an in-depth listen about the 2018 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, look for the Scientific American Science Talk podcast later today.

若想深入了解2018年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖的信息，请收听今天晚些时候播出的科学美国人《科学对话》播客。

For Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I'm Steve Mirsky.

谢谢大家收听科学美国人——60秒科学。我是史蒂夫·米尔斯基。