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科学美国人60秒 SSS 用维基百科追踪动物迁徙

时间：2019-12-10 09:00:22

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（单词翻译）

 

This is Scientific American's 60-second Science, I'm Christopher Intagliata.

Every spring, migratory1 birds flood back to where they breed. That migratory behavior is accompanied by some human behavior: "In English-language Wikipedia, the page views for migratory species like the indigo2 bunting or the Baltimore oriole t??end to peak in the spring when those birds arrive in the United States on their breeding grounds."

John Mittermeier, a conservation biologist at the University of Oxford3 in England.

"It's this incredible thing where you can see in people's online behavior and how they're using Wikipedia, you can actually see the fingerprints4 of, if you wanna say, the arrival of the birds."

And not just birds. Mittermeier and his team surveyed nearly two-and-a-half billion Wikipedia page views, for 32 thousand species, across 245 languages, and also saw variable search rates for insects, ferns, horsetails and flowering plants. And the online searches for birds, at least, seemed to correlate with real-world data on migration5 times.

The researchers also found that Lithuanian Wikipedia pages, for example, had more seasonality7 than pages in Thai or Tamil—probably because seasonal6 differences increase with latitude8. The finding is in the journal PLOS Biology.

Mittermeier says search data could be useful to conservation biologists. "In areas that are hard for biologists to survey or reach, maybe we could be using online data like Wikipedia data to detect migration patterns or flowering seasons or things like that."

He was also encouraged by the search results: "I think there's a concern among conservationists that people are losing touch with the outside world and that they're not interacting with native species that much anymore. And so in that context to see that actually people's Wikipedia behavior is often strongly corresponding to these phenological patterns in nature was really exciting and quite unexpected for me."

Thanks for listening for Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.


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1 migratory jwQyB     
n.候鸟，迁移
参考例句：
  • Many migratory birds visit this lake annually.许多候鸟每年到这个湖上作短期逗留。
  • This does not negate the idea of migratory aptitude.这并没有否定迁移能力这一概念。
2 indigo 78FxQ     
n.靛青，靛蓝
参考例句：
  • The sky was indigo blue,and a great many stars were shining.天空一片深蓝，闪烁着点点繁星。
  • He slipped into an indigo tank.他滑落到蓝靛桶中。
3 Oxford Wmmz0a     
n.牛津（英国城市）
参考例句：
  • At present he has become a Professor of Chemistry at Oxford.他现在已是牛津大学的化学教授了。
  • This is where the road to Oxford joins the road to London.这是去牛津的路与去伦敦的路的汇合处。
4 fingerprints 9b456c81cc868e5bdf3958245615450b     
n.指纹( fingerprint的名词复数 )v.指纹( fingerprint的第三人称单数 )
参考例句：
  • Everyone's fingerprints are unique. 每个人的指纹都是独一无二的。
  • They wore gloves so as not to leave any fingerprints behind (them). 他们戴着手套，以免留下指纹。 来自《简明英汉词典》
5 migration mDpxj     
n.迁移，移居，（鸟类等的）迁徙
参考例句：
  • Swallows begin their migration south in autumn.燕子在秋季开始向南方迁移。
  • He described the vernal migration of birds in detail.他详细地描述了鸟的春季移居。
6 seasonal LZ1xE     
adj.季节的，季节性的
参考例句：
  • The town relies on the seasonal tourist industry for jobs.这个城镇依靠季节性旅游业提供就业机会。
  • The hors d'oeuvre is seasonal vegetables.餐前小吃是应时蔬菜。
7 seasonality 8255e9fd0a7b18c1992037f2309fd02a     
季节性
参考例句：
  • a high degree of climatic seasonality 明显的季节性气候变化
  • Confinement. Seasonality of tourist trade, animals often 'contracted' to work. 限制，在旅游旺季时，动物们通常都得被迫“上工”。 来自互联网
8 latitude i23xV     
n.纬度，行动或言论的自由(范围)，(pl.)地区
参考例句：
  • The latitude of the island is 20 degrees south.该岛的纬度是南纬20度。
  • The two cities are at approximately the same latitude.这两个城市差不多位于同一纬度上。

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