美国国家公共电台 NPR 俄乌首脑会谈 承诺年底前实现停火

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Russia's foreign minister drops by Washington today. He meets President Trump¹, whose story touches Russia again and again. Investigators² established that Russia assisted Trump's 2016 election. Russia's war with Ukraine is the backdrop of an impeachment³ inquiry⁴. President Trump took a dim view of Russia's enemy and withheld⁵ U.S. military aid to Ukraine while seeking political favors. Now the war in Ukraine could pause. The presidents of Russia and Ukraine met yesterday and agreed to a cease-fire. The meeting was in Paris, which is where we find NPR's Eleanor Beardsley. Hi there, Eleanor.

ELEANOR BEARDSLEY, BYLINE⁶: Good morning, Steve.

INSKEEP: What was this meeting like?

BEARDSLEY: Well, you know, it went on for hours and hours and didn't break up until after midnight. So here's this press conference, you know, after midnight. You had this young neophyte⁷ politician, Volodymyr Zelenskiy, meeting with the strong man who's run Russia for 20 years, Vladimir Putin, and continues to create havoc⁸ in Ukraine. So everyone is watching body language and faces. And Zelenskiy and Putin were at the far ends of the table separated by their mediators, German Chancellor⁹ Angela Merkel and French President Emmanuel Macron. Zelenskiy spoke¹⁰ first right after the host, Macron, and he appeared nervous, but it — what he said seemed heartfelt. Here he is. You can hear him.

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PRESIDENT VOLODYMYR ZELENSKIY: (Non-English language spoken).

BEARDSLEY: So he said he had all of Ukrainians with him in Paris, and he felt their support. He said he also had truth with him and the desire for justice and peace in his own country. He said the meetings were long, but they were concrete and important and that the dialogue had been unblocked. Zelenskiy also asserted that Ukraine is an independent and free country and its future will be decided¹¹ by Ukrainians, and he asserted that Donbas — that's eastern Ukraine — and Crimea are part of Ukraine. Remember, Russia took Crimea five years ago and is still destabilizing eastern Ukraine.

INSKEEP: Well, what exactly did they agree on, then, given that Russian forces still control a lot of Ukraine?

BEARDSLEY: Right. Well, they agreed on a cease-fire before the end of the year, but I might add that there have been 20 cease-fires in this war. So will it hold? But what was really important and is very concrete and measurable is they agreed to exchange all prisoners before New Year's Eve. So that will be measurable. And also, they agreed by next March to withdraw forces from three major conflict zones. And this crisis group is going to meet again in four months.

INSKEEP: When you say crisis group, it includes Emmanuel Macron, the president of France, the host of this meeting in Paris where you are. What is his perspective on all this?

BEARDSLEY: Well, France has taken a lead role in trying to solve this situation. Macron has actually spoken recently of an — getting a new dynamic between the West and Russia — you know, retying Russia to Europe. He wants a reset¹², and it's actually one of the things that Macron and President Trump agree upon. Also, you know what, Steve? Macron needs a win. He needs a win on the international stage. He's not in good shape at home. I don't know if you've heard, but there's huge strikes and protests in Paris, and there's going to be a huge protest today against his pension overhaul¹³. So I spoke with analyst¹⁴ Christian¹⁵ Makarian — he's editor of L'Express magazine — and here's what he said about the talks.

CHRISTIAN MAKARIAN: Macron needs something very concrete about Ukraine. And if there is someone who can help him, it's Zelenskiy because Zelenskiy is also in a corner because of the Trump affair.

BEARDSLEY: So, you know, he said they need each other. And you know what? You could see that, Steve. While Zelenskiy spoke, he would look down the table over at Macron, and Macron would look at him and smile. It was almost like a smile of encouragement — his guide. It was buttressing¹⁶ Zelenskiy, you know, encouraging him to keep going. It was very interesting.

INSKEEP: Appreciate your observant eye, Eleanor. Thanks so much.

BEARDSLEY: Thank you, Steve.

INSKEEP: That's NPR's Eleanor Beardsley in Paris.

今天，俄罗斯外交部长访问华盛顿。他与特朗普总统举行了会谈，后者的新闻经常牵涉俄罗斯。调查人员查明，俄罗斯协助了特朗普的2016年总统竞选活动。俄罗斯与乌克兰的战争是弹劾调查的背景。特朗普总统对俄罗斯的敌人持负面看法，同时扣留了美国对乌克兰的军事援助以寻求政治好处。现在，这场在乌克兰发生的战争有望停止。昨天，俄罗斯总统和乌克兰总统举行了会谈，双方同意停火。这场会谈在巴黎举行，NPR新闻的埃莉诺·比尔兹利将从那里和我们连线。你好，埃莉诺。

埃莉诺·比尔兹利连线：早上好，史蒂夫。

因斯基普：这场会谈情况如何？

比尔兹利：会谈持续了数个小时，午夜过后才结束。之后举行了一场记者会。年轻的政坛新人弗拉基米尔·泽连斯基与统治了俄罗斯20年的强权人物弗拉基米尔·普京会面，而且普京仍在给乌克兰制造混乱。可想而知，所有人都在关注双方的身体语言和面部表情。泽连斯基和普京同坐一桌但相隔甚远，中间隔着二人的斡旋者——德国总理安格拉·默克尔和法国总统埃马纽埃尔·马克龙。在东道主马克龙讲话之后，泽连斯基率先开口，他似乎有些紧张，但他所说的话非常真诚。下面我们来听一下。

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乌克兰总统弗拉基米尔·泽连斯基：（用非英语语言讲话）。

比尔兹利：他说，在巴黎举行的这场会谈，所有乌克兰民众与他同在，他能感受到他们的支持。他说真理也与他同在，他希望他的祖国能获得正义以及和平。他表示，会谈持续时间很长，涉及内容具体且重要，而且对话也未受阻。泽连斯基坚称，乌克兰是独立且自由的国家，其未来将由乌克兰民众来决定，乌克兰东部的顿巴斯以及克里米亚地区都是乌克兰的领土。记得吗，俄罗斯在五年前吞并了克里米亚，而且现在仍在破坏乌克兰东部地区的稳定。

因斯基普：既然俄罗斯军队仍控制着乌克兰许多地区，那双方具体在哪些问题上达成了一致？

比尔兹利：对。双方就年底前实现停火达成一致，但我想补充一点，这场战争此前达成了20个停火协议。那这次停火能持续吗？重要、具实际意义且有显著影响的是，双方同意在新年前夕之前交换所有囚犯。这将产生重大影响。另外，他们还同意明年3月前将军队撤离三个主要冲突区。另外，这个危机小组将于四个月内再次举行会谈。

因斯基普：你刚提到的危机小组包括法国总统埃马纽埃尔·马克龙，他是这场巴黎会谈的东道主。他有何看法？

比尔兹利：法国在试图解决这种局面上发挥了领导作用。最近，马克龙提到要在西方和俄罗斯之间建立新动态，即让俄罗斯与欧洲重新联系起来。他希望进行重置，这是其中一件马克龙和特朗普总统达成一致的事情。史蒂夫，你知道吗？马克龙需要一场胜利。他需要在国际舞台上取得胜利。他目前在国内的形势并不好。我不知道你是否听说，巴黎爆发了大规模罢工和抗议，今天，巴黎计划举行大规模抗议来反对马克龙的养老金改革计划。我采访了分析师克里斯蒂安·马卡里安，他是法国杂志《快报》的编辑，下面是他对这场会谈的看法。

克里斯蒂安·马卡里安：马克龙需要涉及乌克兰问题的实际成果。如果有人能帮助他，那这个人肯定是泽连斯基，因为特朗普的通乌门令泽连斯基也陷入困境之中。

比尔兹利：他说，两国领袖彼此需要。你知道吗？史蒂夫，其实这点可以看出来。泽连斯基在讲话时，他看向了马克龙，而马克龙则看着他微笑。这可以说是鼓励的笑容，他在引导泽连斯基。马克龙在鼓励泽连斯基，鼓励他继续说下去。这一点非常值得注意。

因斯基普：埃莉诺，感谢你敏锐的目光。非常谢谢你。

比尔兹利：谢谢，史蒂夫。

因斯基普：以上是NPR新闻的埃莉诺·比尔兹利从巴黎带来的报道。