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科学美国人60秒 SSS 音乐可以更好地协调早产儿的大脑连接

时间:2020-03-17 02:28:31

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(单词翻译)

This is Scientific American's 60-second Science, I'm Christopher Intagliata.

这里是科学美国人——60秒科学系列,我是克里斯托弗·因塔格里塔。

Fifteen million babies are born prematurely1 every year, worldwide. In some cases, the early births can be life-threatening—or cause developmental issues.

全世界每年有1500万早产儿出生。在某些情况下,早产可能会危及生命,或导致发育问题。

"They have more attention-deficit difficulties. They can have a higher risk of having autism, and in general socio-emotional regulation issues." Petra Hüppi, a pediatrician and neonatologist at the University Hospital of Geneva.

“早产儿更有可能有注意力缺失的问题。他们患自闭症的风险更高,一般来说,他们也更可能产生社会情绪调节问题。”日内瓦大学医院的儿科医生和新生儿学家佩特拉·胡皮说到。

Now, she and her colleagues have evidence that a simple tool could help those preterm babies' brains develop: music. But before you cue the Amadeus:

现在,她和同事有证据表明,一种简单的工具有助于早产儿的大脑发育:音乐。(莫扎特的音乐)不过在你提莫扎特之前:

"When I thought about Mozart, I thought, this is a very complex musical structure and I could hardly imagine that such an immature2 brain would be able to fully3 capture the complexity4 of Mozart."

“当我想到莫扎特时,就会想到他那极为复杂的音乐结构,我无法想象如此不成熟的婴儿大脑能完全捕捉到莫扎特音乐的复杂性。”

So instead, she recruited the harpist Andreas Vollenweider, who worked with neonatal nurses to determine which sounds would most stimulate5 infants' brains. He then composed a suite6 of three eight-minute-long tracks, which the nurses played to 20 preterm babies using wireless7 headphones embedded8 in little baby caps. Each baby heard five tracks a week for six weeks on average.

因此,她聘请了竖琴师安德列斯·佛伦怀德,由他与新生儿护士合作,确定哪种声音最能刺激婴儿的大脑。之后,他创作了一套由3首8分钟长的乐曲组成的组曲,护士用嵌在婴儿帽中的无线耳机播放给20名早产儿听。在六周内,每名婴儿平均每周听五首乐曲。

Then Hüppi's team used MRIs to visualize9 activity in the babies' brains. And what they found was that preemies who listened to tunes11 had brain networks that more closely resembled those of full-term babies compared to their counterparts who didn't get the treatment. The music listeners had greater connectivity among brain regions, such as areas involved in sensory12 and higher-order cognitive13 functions—indicating that music listening might have enduring effects on brain development.

然后,胡皮团队用核磁共振成像呈现婴儿大脑的活动。他们发现,与没有接受这种治疗的早产儿相比,听音乐的早产儿的大脑网络更接近足月婴儿。听音乐者大脑区域之间的连通性更强,这些区域包括涉及感官和高级认知功能的区域——这表明听音乐可能对大脑发育有持久影响。

The details are in the Proceedings14 of the National Academy of Sciences.

详情刊登在《美国国家科学院院刊》上。

Of course, many questions still remain. "How much should they listen to that? Was the music given in the right way? Would it be much better if it was something more lively than recorded music? Was it too simple? Could it be more complex?"

当然,现在还有很多问题没有得到解答。“早产儿应该听多少音乐?播放音乐的方式是否正确?如果换成比录制音乐更生动的音乐,效果会更好吗?音乐是不是太简单了?音乐可以更复杂些吗?”

But Hüppi said one thing parents can already do is sing to their children. Plus, she said, it doesn't really matter if you can carry a tune10.

但胡皮表示,父母已经可以做的一件事就是给孩子唱歌。此外,她还说唱歌跑不跑调其实并不重要。

Thanks for listening for Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.

谢谢大家收听科学美国人——60秒科学。我是克里斯托弗·因塔利亚塔。


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点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 prematurely nlMzW4     
adv.过早地,贸然地
参考例句:
  • She was born prematurely with poorly developed lungs. 她早产,肺部未发育健全。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • His hair was prematurely white, but his busy eyebrows were still jet-black. 他的头发已经白了,不过两道浓眉还是乌黑乌黑的。 来自辞典例句
2 immature Saaxj     
adj.未成熟的,发育未全的,未充分发展的
参考例句:
  • Tony seemed very shallow and immature.托尼看起来好像很肤浅,不夠成熟。
  • The birds were in immature plumage.这些鸟儿羽翅未全。
3 fully Gfuzd     
adv.完全地,全部地,彻底地;充分地
参考例句:
  • The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气,然后全部呼出。
  • They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。
4 complexity KO9z3     
n.复杂(性),复杂的事物
参考例句:
  • Only now did he understand the full complexity of the problem.直到现在他才明白这一问题的全部复杂性。
  • The complexity of the road map puzzled me.错综复杂的公路图把我搞糊涂了。
5 stimulate wuSwL     
vt.刺激,使兴奋;激励,使…振奋
参考例句:
  • Your encouragement will stimulate me to further efforts.你的鼓励会激发我进一步努力。
  • Success will stimulate the people for fresh efforts.成功能鼓舞人们去作新的努力。
6 suite MsMwB     
n.一套(家具);套房;随从人员
参考例句:
  • She has a suite of rooms in the hotel.她在那家旅馆有一套房间。
  • That is a nice suite of furniture.那套家具很不错。
7 wireless Rfwww     
adj.无线的;n.无线电
参考例句:
  • There are a lot of wireless links in a radio.收音机里有许多无线电线路。
  • Wireless messages tell us that the ship was sinking.无线电报告知我们那艘船正在下沉。
8 embedded lt9ztS     
a.扎牢的
参考例句:
  • an operation to remove glass that was embedded in his leg 取出扎入他腿部玻璃的手术
  • He has embedded his name in the minds of millions of people. 他的名字铭刻在数百万人民心中。
9 visualize yeJzsZ     
vt.使看得见,使具体化,想象,设想
参考例句:
  • I remember meeting the man before but I can't visualize him.我记得以前见过那个人,但他的样子我想不起来了。
  • She couldn't visualize flying through space.她无法想像在太空中飞行的景象。
10 tune NmnwW     
n.调子;和谐,协调;v.调音,调节,调整
参考例句:
  • He'd written a tune,and played it to us on the piano.他写了一段曲子,并在钢琴上弹给我们听。
  • The boy beat out a tune on a tin can.那男孩在易拉罐上敲出一首曲子。
11 tunes 175b0afea09410c65d28e4b62c406c21     
n.曲调,曲子( tune的名词复数 )v.调音( tune的第三人称单数 );调整;(给收音机、电视等)调谐;使协调
参考例句:
  • a potpourri of tunes 乐曲集锦
  • When things get a bit too much, she simply tunes out temporarily. 碰到事情太棘手时,她干脆暂时撒手不管。 来自《简明英汉词典》
12 sensory Azlwe     
adj.知觉的,感觉的,知觉器官的
参考例句:
  • Human powers of sensory discrimination are limited.人类感官分辨能力有限。
  • The sensory system may undergo long-term adaptation in alien environments.感觉系统对陌生的环境可能经过长时期才能适应。
13 cognitive Uqwz0     
adj.认知的,认识的,有感知的
参考例句:
  • As children grow older,their cognitive processes become sharper.孩子们越长越大,他们的认知过程变得更为敏锐。
  • The cognitive psychologist is like the tinker who wants to know how a clock works.认知心理学者倒很像一个需要通晓钟表如何运转的钟表修理匠。
14 proceedings Wk2zvX     
n.进程,过程,议程;诉讼(程序);公报
参考例句:
  • He was released on bail pending committal proceedings. 他交保获释正在候审。
  • to initiate legal proceedings against sb 对某人提起诉讼

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