科学美国人60秒 SSS 研究僵尸蚂蚁的"死亡之握"

（单词翻译）

This is Scientific American's 60-second Science, I'm Christopher Intagliata.

这里是科学美国人——60秒科学系列，我是克里斯托弗·因塔格里塔。

It's straight out of a horror movie: an ant, infected with a fungus¹, starts behaving strangely. It crawls as high as it can in the forest, grabs a leaf or twig² in its mouth and bites. Hard.

这就像恐怖电影里的场景：一只蚂蚁在感染真菌后，开始变得行为怪异。它尽其所能地爬到森林高处，用嘴含住一片树叶或一根树枝，然后咬着。很困难。

"It enters into this 'death-grip phenotype' is what we call it." Colleen Mangold, a molecular³ biologist at Penn State. "And then a couple hours after initiation⁴ of that behavior the ant will die."

“它进入了我们称之为的‘死亡之握表现型’。”宾夕法尼亚州立大学的分子生物学家科琳·曼戈尔德说到。“这种行为持续几个小时后，蚂蚁就会死亡。”

The fungus, known as Ophiocordyceps, then eats through the corpse⁵ and sprouts⁶ a stalk from the ant's body to release more spores⁷ and infect more ants. It's a harsh way to go.

这种名为“线虫草属”的真菌，会吃掉蚂蚁的尸体，然后从蚂蚁体内长出一根茎，释放更多孢子，感染更多蚂蚁。真是种残酷的手段。

"It's not ideal, definitely not ideal."

“这不是理想，绝对不是。”

Mangold and her colleagues wanted to g?et to the bottom of why the ants do this—specifically, how they get their death grip. So they dissected⁸ infected ants and zoomed⁹ in on their jaw¹⁰ muscles with electron microscopes.

曼戈尔德和同事想弄清楚蚂蚁为何会这样做，特别是它们是如何到达“死亡一握”状态的。因此，他们解剖了受感染的蚂蚁，并用电子显微镜放大了它们的颚肌。

They saw that the fungus had invaded and grown into jaw muscle cells, perhaps to suck up nutrients¹¹. And they spotted¹² lots of mysterious tiny particles, which might be produced by the ant's immune system—or by the fungus, as a way of communicating with the muscle and forcing it to contract.

他们发现，真菌已经侵入并在颚肌细胞中成长，可能是为了吸收营养。他们找到了许多神秘的微小颗粒，这些颗粒可能是蚂蚁免疫系统产生的，或者是真菌产生的，作为与肌肉连通并迫使肌肉收缩的方式。

Whatever the mechanism¹³, they found that the ant's jaw muscles had contracted so hard, they'd been irreparably damaged. The full details—and gory¹⁴ pictures—are in the Journal of Experimental Biology.

无论机制为何，他们发现，蚂蚁颚肌收缩得非常严重，已经受到了不可挽回的损伤。完整细节以及血淋淋的图片刊登在《实验生物学杂志》上。

Mangold hopes to get to the bottom of what those tiny particles do in follow-up work. And in the meantime, unless you're a carpenter ant, rest assured you have nothing to worry about.

曼戈尔德希望在后续研究中弄清这些微小颗粒的作用。与此同时，除非你是一只木匠蚁，那你可以放心，没什么可担心的。

"It's highly species specific. I seriously doubt we'll be seeing any real-life human zombies anytime soon."

“这是高度物种特异性。我严重怀疑我们不久后就能看到现实生活中的人类僵尸。”

Thanks for listening for Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.

谢谢大家收听科学美国人——60秒科学。我是克里斯托弗·因塔利亚塔。