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科学美国人60秒 SSS 将土著人的声音纳入基因组学

时间:2020-06-16 01:48:47

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(单词翻译)

This is Scientific American's 60-second Science, I'm Christine Herman.

这里是科学美国人——60秒科学系列,我是克里斯汀·赫尔曼。

Got a minute?

有一分钟时间吗?

Some scientists want to use the DNA1 of indigenous2 people to reconstruct the "human migration3 story": that's the history of how people spread from Africa to everywhere.

一些科学家想用土著人的DNA来重建“人类迁徙故事”:即人类如何从非洲散布到世界各地的历史。

But many in the indigenous community who've contributed their DNA for science feel these types of studies are exploitative—and say they don't like being left out of the conversation.

但在土著群体中,许多为科学贡献了自已DNA的人认为,这类研究具剥削性,他们不喜欢被排除在对话之外。

"There's a long history about anthropologists and scientists going to indigenous communities, getting what they need, leaving and never coming back."

“很长时间以来,人类学家和科学家会进入土著社区,得到他们所需要的东西,然后离开,再也不回来。”

University of Illinois anthropologist4 Ripan Malhi.

伊利诺利大学的人类学家里潘·马里说到。

"I learned early on that that was the norm in science and anthropology5 up until recently."

“我很早就知道,直到最近这一直是科学界和人类学的常态。”

To help change that system, in 2011 Malhi launched a program that provides hands-on genomics training to Native American and other indigenous scientists—and laypeople. It's called SING (Summer Internship6 for Indigenous Peoples in Genomics).

为了帮助改变这种状态,马里在2011年启动了一个项目,为美洲土著、其他土著科学家以及外行人提供基因组实际培训。这一培训名为土著基因组学研究夏季实习(简称SING)。

"We discuss all week about genomics and how it can be used as a tool and how it may fit or not fit with indigenous ideas and knowledge. We have discussions on how to decolonize science, and then we do a large number of discussions about ethical7, legal and social implications."

“我们整个星期都在讨论基因组学,如何将其用作工具,以及其适合或不适合本土想法和知识。我们讨论了如何使科学非殖民化,之后还就伦理、法律和社会影响进行了大量讨论。”

This year's SING workshop wrapped up earlier this month. Krystal Tsosie is a Navajo geneticist and one of the organizers.

今年的SING研讨会于本月早些时候结束。克里斯托·苏西是纳瓦霍族遗传学家,也是研讨会的组织者之一。

"SING has been influential8 in training the next generation of indigenous scientists, so that we can ensure that science is done by us, for us—and truly benefits us."

“SING项目在培养下一代土著科学家方面具有影响力,因此我们可以确保科学由我们自已完成,为我们服务且真正造福于我们。”

Tsosie says she's the only indigenous Ph.D. student in science at Vanderbilt (University), and the SING workshop has helped her feel less isolated9.

苏西表示,她是范德比尔特大学唯一一位土著理科博士生,而SING研讨会减少了她的孤独感。

"So getting that sort of sense of community from my indigenous peers who are undergoing the same sort of challenges in academia is great."

“从土著同龄人那里获得那种社区意识非常棒,他们在学术界也面临着同样的挑战。”

SING has trained more than 120 participants to date. In 2018 alumni and faculty10 published ethical guidelines for scientists on how to approach genomics research in a way that is sensitive to the interests of indigenous people and that can benefit their communities.

迄今为止,SING已经培训了120多名参与者。2018年,校友和教师为科学家发布了伦理指南,指导他们如何以对土著民利益敏感并能惠及土著社区的方式进行基因组研究。

Malhi says he now approaches his work with indigenous communities as a collaboration11.

马里表示,他现在以合作的方式来处理其土著民社区的研究工作。

"I work with the communities to figure out what they want to study, as well as what we want to study, and basically partner with them."

“我与社区合作,了解他们想学习的内容以及我们想学习的内容,基本上就是与他们合作。”

In her research, Tsosie studies pregnancy12 complications among Ojibwe women in North Dakota and how environmental factors contribute to disease among indigenous communities in South Dakota.

苏西研究了北达科他州奥吉布瓦女性的妊娠并发症,以及环境因素如何影响南达科他州土著社区的疾病。

She says partnering with Indigenous people is critical...

她说,与土著人合作至关重要。

"... to ensure that genomics research that involves indigenous people will actually benefit us, as opposed to just using us as subjects, as we have in the past."

“这是为了涉及土著人的基因组研究能真正地造福于我们,而不是像过去那样仅仅把土著人当作研究对象。”

Thanks for the minute for Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I'm Christine Herman.

谢谢大家收听科学美国人——60秒科学。我是克里斯汀·赫尔曼。


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点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 DNA 4u3z1l     
(缩)deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸
参考例句:
  • DNA is stored in the nucleus of a cell.脱氧核糖核酸储存于细胞的细胞核里。
  • Gene mutations are alterations in the DNA code.基因突变是指DNA密码的改变。
2 indigenous YbBzt     
adj.土产的,土生土长的,本地的
参考例句:
  • Each country has its own indigenous cultural tradition.每个国家都有自己本土的文化传统。
  • Indians were the indigenous inhabitants of America.印第安人是美洲的土著居民。
3 migration mDpxj     
n.迁移,移居,(鸟类等的)迁徙
参考例句:
  • Swallows begin their migration south in autumn.燕子在秋季开始向南方迁移。
  • He described the vernal migration of birds in detail.他详细地描述了鸟的春季移居。
4 anthropologist YzgzPk     
n.人类学家,人类学者
参考例句:
  • The lecturer is an anthropologist.这位讲师是人类学家。
  • The anthropologist unearthed the skull of an ancient human at the site.人类学家在这个遗址挖掘出那块古人类的颅骨。
5 anthropology zw2zQ     
n.人类学
参考例句:
  • I believe he has started reading up anthropology.我相信他已开始深入研究人类学。
  • Social anthropology is centrally concerned with the diversity of culture.社会人类学主要关于文化多样性。
6 internship oqmzJB     
n.实习医师,实习医师期
参考例句:
  • an internship at a television station 在电视台的实习期
  • a summer internship with a small stipend 薪水微薄的暑期实习
7 ethical diIz4     
adj.伦理的,道德的,合乎道德的
参考例句:
  • It is necessary to get the youth to have a high ethical concept.必须使青年具有高度的道德观念。
  • It was a debate which aroused fervent ethical arguments.那是一场引发强烈的伦理道德争论的辩论。
8 influential l7oxK     
adj.有影响的,有权势的
参考例句:
  • He always tries to get in with the most influential people.他总是试图巴结最有影响的人物。
  • He is a very influential man in the government.他在政府中是个很有影响的人物。
9 isolated bqmzTd     
adj.与世隔绝的
参考例句:
  • His bad behaviour was just an isolated incident. 他的不良行为只是个别事件。
  • Patients with the disease should be isolated. 这种病的患者应予以隔离。
10 faculty HhkzK     
n.才能;学院,系;(学院或系的)全体教学人员
参考例句:
  • He has a great faculty for learning foreign languages.他有学习外语的天赋。
  • He has the faculty of saying the right thing at the right time.他有在恰当的时候说恰当的话的才智。
11 collaboration bW7yD     
n.合作,协作;勾结
参考例句:
  • The two companies are working in close collaboration each other.这两家公司密切合作。
  • He was shot for collaboration with the enemy.他因通敌而被枪毙了。
12 pregnancy lPwxP     
n.怀孕,怀孕期
参考例句:
  • Early pregnancy is often accompanied by nausea.怀孕早期常有恶心的现象。
  • Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of miscarriage.怀孕期吸烟会增加流产的危险。

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