科学美国人60秒 SSS 你的头骨塑造了你的听力

（单词翻译）

This is Scientific American's 60-second Science, I'm Christopher Intagliata.

这里是科学美国人——60秒科学系列，我是克里斯托弗·因塔格里塔。

Certain concert venues¹, like Boston's Symphony Hall, are known to beautifully reflect the sounds of an orchestra. It turns out there's a similar process at play in your cochlea, deep inside your ear—where a tiny bony cavity houses the organ that allows you to hear.

波士顿交响音乐厅等音乐会场地，以能完美地反射管弦乐队的声音而闻名。结果表明，你耳朵深处的耳蜗中也发生着类似的过程，那里有微型骨腔，容纳着让我们听到声音的器官。

"It's like its own tiny little acoustics² chamber³, if you will. So anything and everything you hear is going into our ear and then going into this little bony chamber."

“如果你愿意这样说的话，它就像自已的小型声乐室。你听到的任何声音都会进入耳内，然后进入这个小骨室。”

Mike Gordon, a psychologist at William Paterson University in New Jersey⁴. But while studying this process, he also found there's actually a lot of variability in the way people hear. Some frequencies can appear tens of decibels⁵ louder or quieter than average—based on the resonant⁶ properties of a person's skull⁷.

新泽西州威廉·帕特森大学的心理学家迈克·戈登说到。但在研究这一过程的同时，他还发现，人们的听觉方式实际上有很多变化。根据个人头骨的共振特性，有些频率会比平均值高或低数十分贝。

"We were shocked. My first version of the draft had exclamation⁸ points all over the place, but we eventually removed those from the final copy."

“我们非常震惊。我的初稿到处都是感叹号，但我们的终稿最终删除了这些感叹号。”

First, Gordon's team gave 30 volunteers a hearing test—the standard type, where different frequencies of tones are played at varying loudness. Then they did a "bone conduction" hearing test, where vibrations⁹ are transmitted directly onto the skull, from behind the ear.

首先，戈登的研究团队让30名志愿者进行了一项听力测试——这是一种标准的听力测试，以不同音量播放不同频率的音调。然后，他们做了一个“骨传导”听力测试，振动直接从耳朵后面传到头骨上。

Finally, they projected white noise like this...

最后，他们像这样播放白噪音，

(CLIP: White noise sample)

（音频剪辑：白噪音样本）

... through the skull, from behind the ear, and recorded what came out at the forehead. This is that white noise...

让声音从耳朵后面通过头骨，并记录下从前额传出的声音。这就是白噪音……

(CLIP: White noise sample)

（音频剪辑：白噪音样本）

... filtered through Gordon's skull:

通过戈登头骨后的声音

(CLIP: White noise sample 2)

（音频剪辑：白噪音样本2）

With those filtered samples, they were able to see the unique spectral¹⁰ fingerprints¹¹ each volunteer's skull left on the white noise, amplifying¹² some frequencies and damping down others. And those ups and downs actually correlated to each volunteer's ability to perceive certain frequencies in the bone-conduction hearing test. Which means:

通过这些过滤后的样本，他们能够看到每名志愿者留在白噪音上的头内独特光谱指纹，有些频率放大了，另外一些频率则减弱了。这些起伏实际上与每名志愿者在骨传导听力测试中感知特定频率的能力有关。意思是：

"The skull itself, because it's such an intimate and personal thing, is going to shape your experience of the world, perceptually."

“因为头骨本身是如此亲密和个人的东西，它将在感知上塑造你对世界的体验。”

The findings appear in the Journal of the Acoustical¹³ Society of America.

研究结果发表在《美国声学协会期刊》上。

Although the research is just preliminary, Gordon says there might be some intriguing¹⁴ therapeutic¹⁵ uses of this new insight. "What if we could cheaply and easily run broadband noise through someone's skull and look at how it filtered—and then do it again later. Would it show us an injury? Well, it might if the skull changed dramatically, which could indicate a head injury."

戈登说，虽然这只是初步研究，但这一新发现可能产生某些有趣的治疗用途。“如果我们可以廉价且轻松地让宽带噪音通过某人的头骨并观察其过滤方式，然后再重复一次。这是否会显示出受伤之处？如果头骨发生巨大变化，这可能意味着头部受伤了。”

And, more trivially, he says, perhaps it could explain why you really can't stand that one singer everyone else loves. Just blame it on the resonant properties of your skull.

他说，更具体来说，这或许可以解释为何你真的无法忍受一个所有人都喜欢的歌手。这只能怪你头骨的共振特性。

Thanks for listening for Scientific American's 60-second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.

谢谢大家收听科学美国人——60秒科学。我是克里斯托弗·因塔利亚塔。