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科学美国人60秒 SSS 奇鸟迁徙两次繁殖后代

时间:2020-09-01 00:47:26

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(单词翻译)

This is Scientific American's 60-second Science, I'm Susanne Bard1.

这里是科学美国人——60秒科学系列,我是苏珊娜·巴德。

Most migratory2 birds spend their winters in one habitat and then fly to a new area in the springtime to breed. They'll raise one or more broods of young there. Then, come fall, they begin the trip back to their wintering grounds.

大多数候鸟在一个栖息地过冬,然后在春天飞往另一个地方繁殖。它们会在那里养育至少一窝幼鸟。然后,在秋天来临时,它们会开始返回越冬地。

But a new study suggests the phainopepla, a jet-black bird with a body type like a small cardinal3, may have a different strategy.

但一项新研究表明,体型像小红雀且毛发黑亮的亮丝鶲可能有不同策略。

"They might be itinerant4 breeders.So they breed once in one area, then they migrate—they go somewhere else, and they breed a second time in that new area."

“它们可能是巡回繁殖者。它们在一个地方繁殖一次,然后迁移到另一个地方,在新地方进行第二次繁殖。”

State University of New York, Oswego, evolutionary5 biologist Daniel Baldassarre.

纽约州立大学奥斯威戈分校的进化生物学家丹尼尔·巴尔达萨雷说到。

For the phainopepla, that means nesting in the desert Southwest during the springtime before flying to the oak woodlands of the California coast for the summer.

对亮丝鶲来说,这意味着春天在西南沙漠筑巢,然后飞往加利福尼亚海岸的橡树林地过夏天。

Baldassarre says bird-watchers have long suspected that phainopeplas are itinerant breeders. One hint that the same birds might be breeding in two different habitats was their vocal6 behavior. The pointy-headed songbirds are talented mimics8, often copying the vocalizations of other bird species.

巴尔达萨雷表示,鸟类观察者一直怀疑亮丝鶲是巡回繁殖者。同一种鸟在两个不同栖息地繁殖的其中一个征兆,就是它们的发声行为。这些聪明的鸣鸟是天才模仿者,它们经常模仿其它鸟类的叫声。

(音频剪辑:雌性声音模仿)

(CLIP: Female vocal mimic7)

"If you look at desert birds, they actually can mimic some species that you don't find in the desert—bird species that you would only find out in these woodland habitats."

“如果你观察沙漠鸟类,你会发现它们实际上可以模仿在沙漠中找不到的鸟类的叫声,这些鸟类只能在林地栖息地中找到。”

And the reverse is also true: phainopeplas in woodland habitats will mimic species that are only found in the desert.

反之亦然,林地亮丝鹟也会模仿只在沙漠里才能找到的鸟类的叫声。

But to confirm that individual phainopeplas really do spend the breeding season in two different places, Baldassarre and his team outfitted9 the birds with tiny GPS transmitters and tracked their movements.

但为了确认个体亮丝鹟确实会在两个不同地方度过繁殖季,巴尔达萨雷及其团队给这些鸟装上了微型GPS发射器,并追踪它们的活动。

"They all left those desert breeding habitats, migrated out to these coastal10 woodland habitats and stayed in a small kind of territory for basically the duration of summer, when we know that phainopeplas are breeding in these woodland areas."

“它们都离开了沙漠繁殖地,迁移到这些沿海林地栖息地,在一小块领地上度过了几乎整个夏天,而我们知道亮丝鹟夏天在这些林地繁殖。”

The researchers also found that both populations were very similar genetically12, suggesting that they're all members of the same gene11 pool.

研究人员还发现,这两个群体在基因上非常相似,这表明它们属于同一个基因库。

The study appears in the journal the Auk.

这项研究发表在《海雀》期刊上。

Baldassarre says itinerant breeding has only been documented in two other bird species to date and is most likely an adaptation to unpredictable sources of food.

巴尔达萨雷表示,迄今为止,只有另外两种鸟类有巡回繁殖记录,这种行为很可能是为了适应不可预测的食物来源。

"That food supply disappears, and so the birds literally13 have to physically14 move to follow the food."

“食物供应消失了,所以这些鸟不得不追随食物移动。”

Such behavioral flexibility15 seems to be unusual, Baldassarre notes. Phainopeplas could thus be especially resilient in the face of climate change—a challenge other species may not be able to meet.

巴尔达萨雷指出,这种行为上的灵活性似乎不同寻常。因此,亮丝鹟可能会特别适应气候变化——而这是其它物种可能无法应对的挑战。

Thanks for listening for Scientific American's 60-second Science. I'm Susanne Bard.

谢谢大家收听科学美国人——60秒科学。我是苏珊娜·巴德。


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点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 bard QPCyM     
n.吟游诗人
参考例句:
  • I'll use my bard song to help you concentrate!我会用我的吟游诗人歌曲帮你集中精神!
  • I find him,the wandering grey bard.我发现了正在徘徊的衰老游唱诗人。
2 migratory jwQyB     
n.候鸟,迁移
参考例句:
  • Many migratory birds visit this lake annually.许多候鸟每年到这个湖上作短期逗留。
  • This does not negate the idea of migratory aptitude.这并没有否定迁移能力这一概念。
3 cardinal Xcgy5     
n.(天主教的)红衣主教;adj.首要的,基本的
参考例句:
  • This is a matter of cardinal significance.这是非常重要的事。
  • The Cardinal coloured with vexation. 红衣主教感到恼火,脸涨得通红。
4 itinerant m3jyu     
adj.巡回的;流动的
参考例句:
  • He is starting itinerant performance all over the world.他正在世界各地巡回演出。
  • There is a general debate nowadays about the problem of itinerant workers.目前,针对流动工人的问题展开了普遍的争论。
5 evolutionary Ctqz7m     
adj.进化的;演化的,演变的;[生]进化论的
参考例句:
  • Life has its own evolutionary process.生命有其自身的进化过程。
  • These are fascinating questions to be resolved by the evolutionary studies of plants.这些十分吸引人的问题将在研究植物进化过程中得以解决。
6 vocal vhOwA     
adj.直言不讳的;嗓音的;n.[pl.]声乐节目
参考例句:
  • The tongue is a vocal organ.舌头是一个发音器官。
  • Public opinion at last became vocal.终于舆论哗然。
7 mimic PD2xc     
v.模仿,戏弄;n.模仿他人言行的人
参考例句:
  • A parrot can mimic a person's voice.鹦鹉能学人的声音。
  • He used to mimic speech peculiarities of another.他过去总是模仿别人讲话的特点。
8 mimics f8207fb5fa948f536c5186311e3e641d     
n.模仿名人言行的娱乐演员,滑稽剧演员( mimic的名词复数 );善于模仿的人或物v.(尤指为了逗乐而)模仿( mimic的第三人称单数 );酷似
参考例句:
  • Methods:Models were generate by CT scan,Mimics software and Abaqus software. 方法:采用CT扫描,Mimics软件和Abaqus软件的CAD进行三维有限元模型的创建。 来自互联网
  • Relaxing the mind and body mimics the effect that some blood-pressure pills would have. 放松身心会产生某些降压药才能产生的效果。 来自辞典例句
9 outfitted a17c5c96672d65d85119ded77f503676     
v.装备,配置设备,供给服装( outfit的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • They outfitted for the long journey. 他们为远途旅行准备装束。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
  • They outfitted him with artificial legs. 他们为他安了假腿。 来自辞典例句
10 coastal WWiyh     
adj.海岸的,沿海的,沿岸的
参考例句:
  • The ocean waves are slowly eating away the coastal rocks.大海的波浪慢慢地侵蚀着岸边的岩石。
  • This country will fortify the coastal areas.该国将加强沿海地区的防御。
11 gene WgKxx     
n.遗传因子,基因
参考例句:
  • A single gene may have many effects.单一基因可能具有很多种效应。
  • The targeting of gene therapy has been paid close attention.其中基因治疗的靶向性是值得密切关注的问题之一。
12 genetically Lgixo     
adv.遗传上
参考例句:
  • All the bees in the colony are genetically related. 同一群体的蜜蜂都有亲缘关系。
  • Genetically modified foods have already arrived on American dinner tables. 经基因改造加工过的食物已端上了美国人的餐桌。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 基因与食物
13 literally 28Wzv     
adv.照字面意义,逐字地;确实
参考例句:
  • He translated the passage literally.他逐字逐句地翻译这段文字。
  • Sometimes she would not sit down till she was literally faint.有时候,她不走到真正要昏厥了,决不肯坐下来。
14 physically iNix5     
adj.物质上,体格上,身体上,按自然规律
参考例句:
  • He was out of sorts physically,as well as disordered mentally.他浑身不舒服,心绪也很乱。
  • Every time I think about it I feel physically sick.一想起那件事我就感到极恶心。
15 flexibility vjPxb     
n.柔韧性,弹性,(光的)折射性,灵活性
参考例句:
  • Her great strength lies in her flexibility.她的优势在于她灵活变通。
  • The flexibility of a man's muscles will lessen as he becomes old.人老了肌肉的柔韧性将降低。

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