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2022年经济学人 油价为何又在飙升?

时间:2022-06-15 01:13:22

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(单词翻译)

Finance & economics

财经板块

Oil Prices: Crude calculations

油价:粗略计算

Why oil is spiking1 again?

油价为何又在飙升?

In the 1970s Arab states used the “oil weapon” of embargoes2 to punish Western governments for supporting Israel.

20世纪70年代,阿拉伯国家利用禁运这一“石油武器”来惩罚支持以色列的西方政府。

On May 30th the heads of the 27 eu member governments agreed to turn the weapon on themselves, as part of a fresh round of sanctions against Russia following its invasion of Ukraine.

5月30日,欧盟27个成员国的首脑同意将该武器对准自己,这是继俄罗斯入侵乌克兰后对俄罗斯新一轮制裁的一部分。

As well as cutting off Sberbank, Russia’s largest bank, from the swift cross-border payment system, the package will also ban purchases of Russian crude oil and refined products, such as diesel4, by the end of the year.

除了将俄罗斯最大的银行俄罗斯联邦储蓄银行(Sberbank)排除在快速跨境支付系统之外,该制裁计划还将在今年年底前禁止购买俄罗斯原油和柴油等成品油。

There would, the eu said, be a “temporary” exemption5 for oil delivered through pipelines6.

欧盟表示,通过管道输送的石油可以“暂时”豁免。

The price of a barrel of Brent crude leapt above $120 on the news, its highest level since March.

消息传出后,布伦特(Brent)原油价格跃升至每桶120美元以上,为3月份以来的最高水平。

In principle, the decision is highly significant.

原则上,这个决定意义重大。

As well as demonstrating unity8, and the bloc’s willingness to bear economic pain to punish Russia, it cuts one of the few remaining trade ties with the Kremlin.

它不仅表明了欧盟的团结,以及该组织愿意承受经济上的痛苦来惩罚俄罗斯,它还切断了与俄罗斯仅剩的贸易联系之一。

It also imperils one of Russia’s most lucrative9 sources of foreign-currency earnings10.

它还危及俄罗斯最赚钱的外汇收入来源之一。

The eu is Russia’s biggest market for crude, buying about half the country’s oil exports.

欧盟是俄罗斯最大的原油市场,购买量占据该国大约一半的石油出口量。

There are reasons, however, to be sceptical that the move will deprive the Kremlin of much foreign currency.

然而,我们有理由怀疑此举是否会让俄罗斯失去大量外汇。

For a start, the ban applies only to seaborne oil, transported via tankers11.

首先,这项禁令只适用于通过油轮运输的海运石油。

That is the price of unity: excluding oil delivered by pipelines was necessary to find a compromise with Hungary, which is both more sympathetic to Russia than most eu countries and critically dependent on the Soviet-era Druzhba pipeline7 (a name meaning “friendship” in Russian).

这就是团结的代价:将通过管道运输的石油排除在外是为了与匈牙利达成和解,匈牙利比大多数欧盟国家更同情俄罗斯,而且严重依赖苏联时期的“德鲁日巴”管道(在俄语中是“友谊”的意思)。

Hungary imports about 65% of its crude from Russia.

匈牙利大约65%的原油从俄罗斯进口。

Seaborne oil makes up a similar share of Europe’s imports from Russia.

海运石油在欧洲从俄罗斯进口的石油中所占的份额也差不多。

But the ban is likely to have a limited impact on the oil market.

但该禁令对石油市场的影响可能有限。

Many tankers are already subject to “self-sanctioning” in parts of the West.

在西方部分地区,许多油轮已经受到“自我制裁”。

Dockworkers have refused to unload ships carrying Russian cargoes12 and oil majors have been worried about the hit to their reputations from accepting shipments.

码头工人拒绝为装载俄罗斯货物的船只卸货,石油巨头担心接受货物会损害他们的声誉。

Western financiers are stepping back from writing insurance contracts.

西方金融家正逐步退出保险合同。

Insurers based in Russia’s allies could partly replace them, but have shallower pockets.

以俄罗斯的盟友为基地的保险公司可以在一定程度上取代它们,但却资金不足。

A big question is whether Russian seaborne crude, once placed under sanctions, will go unsold.

一个大问题是,一旦受到制裁,俄罗斯海运原油是否会卖不出去。

So far Russia’s oil exports have risen even as the country has come under sanctions.

到目前为止,尽管俄罗斯受到制裁,但该国的石油出口仍在增长。

According to analysts13 at JPMorgan Chase, a bank, much of the increase has gone to India, which has not issued sanctions of its own.

据摩根大通银行的分析师称,大部分增加的出口量流向了印度,而印度还没有发布自己的制裁措施。

Another question is whether Europe does eventually ban piped Russian oil, which is harder to redirect to other countries.

另一个问题是,欧洲最终是否会禁止通过管道输送俄罗斯石油,因为这些石油更难转向至其他国家。

Poland and Germany have said they will cease importing via the Druzhba pipeline.

波兰和德国表示,他们将停止通过德鲁日巴管道进口石油。

Yet it is hard to imagine Hungary’s dropping its opposition14 to a wider ban.

然而很难想象匈牙利会接受更广泛的禁令。

Viktor Orban, the country’s populist prime minister, has demonstrated his willingness to block eu decisions before.

该国的民粹主义总理维克托·欧尔班此前就曾表现出阻止欧盟决定的意愿。

Thanks to a hefty discount on Russian crude--the Urals benchmark is trading significantly below Brent--mol, a Hungarian oil group, reports “skyrocketing” margins15.

由于俄罗斯原油价格的大幅折扣——乌拉尔基准原油的价格远低于布伦特原油——匈牙利石油集团mol报告称,其利润率“暴涨”。

Partial though the embargo3 may be, such is the tightness of the oil market that prices still surged.

尽管禁运可能是部分原因,但由于石油市场的紧张,油价仍在飙升。

Demand for fuel is strong as the pandemic subsides16 and consumers start driving and flying again, and as governments try to shield voters from the impact of higher energy costs.

随着疫情消退,消费者再次开始开车和坐飞机,政府也试图保护选民免受能源成本上升的影响,目前燃料需求强劲。

China’s easing of coronavirus restrictions17 in recent days has also added to the thirst for oil.

中国最近几天放松了对新冠病毒的限制,也增加了对石油的需求。

The prices of industrial metals, including iron ore and copper18, have rallied, too.

包括铁矿石和铜在内的工业金属价格也出现上涨。

Meanwhile, the Organisation19 of the Petroleum20 Exporting Countries (opec) and its allies, which include Russia, have shown little sign of increasing production just yet.

与此同时,石油输出国组织(opec)及其包括俄罗斯在内的盟友尚未有增加产量的迹象。

The group was due to meet on June 2nd, as we went to press, and was not expected to depart from its plan to gradually increase supply to levels seen before the pandemic

该组织原定于6月2日召开会议,预计不会偏离其逐步增加石油供应至疫情前水平的计划

(although prices dipped on reports that it was mulling a plan to exclude Russia from its production targets, allowing Saudi Arabia and others to pump more to make up for any lost output).

(虽然有报道称,该组织正在考虑一项计划,将俄罗斯排除在生产目标之外,允许沙特阿拉伯和其他国家增加产量,以弥补任何可能的减产)。

Tight supply and robust21 demand together translate into higher prices for consumers at the pump.

供应紧张和需求旺盛共同导致油价上涨。

To make matters worse, a shortage of refinery22 capacity in America has raised prices for petrol and diesel even further than the cost of crude.

更糟糕的是,美国炼油厂产能的短缺导致汽油和柴油价格的上涨幅度超过原油价格。

The surging dollar adds to costs for Europe and emerging markets, notes Francisco Blanch23 of Bank of America.

美国银行的弗朗西斯科·布兰奇指出,美元的飙升增加了欧洲和新兴市场的成本。

None of this is welcome news in an already inflationary environment.

在已经出现通胀的环境下,这些都不是好消息。

According to figures published on May 31st inflation in the euro area rose to 8.1% in the year to May, higher than economists24 had expected.

根据5月31日公布的数据,截至5月,欧元区的通货膨胀率上升至8.1%,高于经济学家的预期。

The Arab embargoes of the 1970s caused short-term pain for the West, but also spurred a drive for fuel efficiency that ultimately reduced its reliance on oil.

20世纪70年代的阿拉伯禁运给西方带来了短期的痛苦,但也刺激了提高燃料效率的行动,最终降低了对石油的依赖。

European governments today may find themselves hoping that the short-term pain for consumers similarly gives way to the long-term gain of energy security.

今天,欧洲各国政府可能会发现,他们希望消费者的短期痛苦也同样会为能源安全的长期收益让位。


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点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 spiking fdfff77f88d75cd4917be2a320cd846e     
n.尖峰形成v.加烈酒于( spike的现在分词 );偷偷地给某人的饮料加入(更多)酒精( 或药物);把尖状物钉入;打乱某人的计划
参考例句:
  • High spiking fever with chills is suggestive of a complicating pylephlebitis. 伴有寒战的高热,暗示合并门静脉炎。 来自辞典例句
  • We could be spiking our own guns. 我们可能要遭到失败。 来自辞典例句
2 embargoes 5856aa30ed8eb610914f7f35794c15cf     
贸易禁运令,禁运( embargo的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • Britain, France and the United States refused to lift their embargoes. 英、法和美国都拒绝取消禁运。
  • Its public position is that it abides by all UN arms embargoes. 其公开立场是,他们遵守所有联合国的武器禁运命令。
3 embargo OqixW     
n.禁运(令);vt.对...实行禁运,禁止(通商)
参考例句:
  • This country put an oil embargo on an enemy country.该国对敌国实行石油禁运。
  • During the war,they laid an embargo on commerce with enemy countries.在战争期间,他们禁止与敌国通商。
4 diesel ql6zo     
n.柴油发动机,内燃机
参考例句:
  • We experimented with diesel engines to drive the pumps.我们试着用柴油机来带动水泵。
  • My tractor operates on diesel oil.我的那台拖拉机用柴油开动。
5 exemption 3muxo     
n.豁免,免税额,免除
参考例句:
  • You may be able to apply for exemption from local taxes.你可能符合资格申请免除地方税。
  • These goods are subject to exemption from tax.这些货物可以免税。
6 pipelines 2bee8f0b9bb303b1f1a466fd43666db3     
管道( pipeline的名词复数 ); 输油管道; 在考虑(或规划、准备) 中; 在酿中
参考例句:
  • The oil is carried to the oil refinery by pipelines. 石油通过输油管输送到炼油厂。
  • The oil carried in pipelines. 石油用管道输送。
7 pipeline aNUxN     
n.管道,管线
参考例句:
  • The pipeline supplies Jordan with 15 per cent of its crude oil.该管道供给约旦15%的原油。
  • A single pipeline serves all the houses with water.一条单管路给所有的房子供水。
8 unity 4kQwT     
n.团结,联合,统一;和睦,协调
参考例句:
  • When we speak of unity,we do not mean unprincipled peace.所谓团结,并非一团和气。
  • We must strengthen our unity in the face of powerful enemies.大敌当前,我们必须加强团结。
9 lucrative dADxp     
adj.赚钱的,可获利的
参考例句:
  • He decided to turn his hobby into a lucrative sideline.他决定把自己的爱好变成赚钱的副业。
  • It was not a lucrative profession.那是一个没有多少油水的职业。
10 earnings rrWxJ     
n.工资收人;利润,利益,所得
参考例句:
  • That old man lives on the earnings of his daughter.那个老人靠他女儿的收入维持生活。
  • Last year there was a 20% decrease in his earnings.去年他的收入减少了20%。
11 tankers f6c16f554e37ea81859ae031ca991f5d     
运送大量液体或气体的轮船[卡车]( tanker的名词复数 ); 油轮; 罐车; 油槽车
参考例句:
  • They should stop offloading waste from oil tankers into the sea. 他们应当停止从油轮上往海里倾倒废弃物。
  • The harbour admits large tankers and freighters. 这个港口容得下巨型油船和货轮。
12 cargoes 49e446283c0d32352a986fd82a7e13c4     
n.(船或飞机装载的)货物( cargo的名词复数 );大量,重负
参考例句:
  • This ship embarked cargoes. 这艘船装载货物。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • The crew lashed cargoes of timber down. 全体船员将木材绑牢。 来自《简明英汉词典》
13 analysts 167ff30c5034ca70abe2d60a6e760448     
分析家,化验员( analyst的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • City analysts forecast huge profits this year. 伦敦金融分析家预测今年的利润非常丰厚。
  • I was impressed by the high calibre of the researchers and analysts. 研究人员和分析人员的高素质给我留下了深刻印象。
14 opposition eIUxU     
n.反对,敌对
参考例句:
  • The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
  • The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。
15 margins 18cef75be8bf936fbf6be827537c8585     
边( margin的名词复数 ); 利润; 页边空白; 差数
参考例句:
  • They have always had to make do with relatively small profit margins. 他们不得不经常设法应付较少的利润额。
  • To create more space between the navigation items, add left and right margins to the links. 在每个项目间留更多的空隙,加左或者右的margins来定义链接。
16 subsides 400fe15f1aceae93cab4b312b1ff926c     
v.(土地)下陷(因在地下采矿)( subside的第三人称单数 );减弱;下降至较低或正常水平;一下子坐在椅子等上
参考例句:
  • Emotion swells and subsides. 情绪忽高忽低。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
  • His emotion swells and subsides. 他的情绪忽高忽低。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
17 restrictions 81e12dac658cfd4c590486dd6f7523cf     
约束( restriction的名词复数 ); 管制; 制约因素; 带限制性的条件(或规则)
参考例句:
  • I found the restrictions irksome. 我对那些限制感到很烦。
  • a snaggle of restrictions 杂乱无章的种种限制
18 copper HZXyU     
n.铜;铜币;铜器;adj.铜(制)的;(紫)铜色的
参考例句:
  • The students are asked to prove the purity of copper.要求学生们检验铜的纯度。
  • Copper is a good medium for the conduction of heat and electricity.铜是热和电的良导体。
19 organisation organisation     
n.组织,安排,团体,有机休
参考例句:
  • The method of his organisation work is worth commending.他的组织工作的方法值得称道。
  • His application for membership of the organisation was rejected.他想要加入该组织的申请遭到了拒绝。
20 petroleum WiUyi     
n.原油,石油
参考例句:
  • The Government of Iran advanced the price of petroleum last week.上星期伊朗政府提高了石油价格。
  • The purpose of oil refinery is to refine crude petroleum.炼油厂的主要工作是提炼原油。
21 robust FXvx7     
adj.强壮的,强健的,粗野的,需要体力的,浓的
参考例句:
  • She is too tall and robust.她个子太高,身体太壮。
  • China wants to keep growth robust to reduce poverty and avoid job losses,AP commented.美联社评论道,中国希望保持经济强势增长,以减少贫困和失业状况。
22 refinery QiayX     
n.精炼厂,提炼厂
参考例句:
  • They built a sugar refinery.他们建起了一座榨糖厂。
  • The purpose of oil refinery is to refine crude petroleum.炼油厂的主要工作是提炼原油。
23 blanch 0t0z7     
v.漂白;使变白;使(植物)不见日光而变白
参考例句:
  • We blanch almonds by soaking off their skins in boiling water.我们把杏仁泡在沸水中去皮弄成白色。
  • To blanch involves plunging food into boiling water,usually very quickly.漂白是将食物放进开水里,通常非常快。
24 economists 2ba0a36f92d9c37ef31cc751bca1a748     
n.经济学家,经济专家( economist的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • The sudden rise in share prices has confounded economists. 股价的突然上涨使经济学家大惑不解。
  • Foreign bankers and economists cautiously welcomed the minister's initiative. 外国银行家和经济学家对部长的倡议反应谨慎。 来自《简明英汉词典》

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